On the common nature of dark matter and dark energy: Galaxy groups

Abstract.

It is shown that the cosmological constant links the roots both of General Relativity and Newtonian gravity via the general function satisfying Newton’s theorem according to which the gravitating sphere acts as a point mass situated in its center. The quantitative evidence for this link is given via the correspondence of the current value of the cosmological constant with the value of the cosmological term in the modified Newtonian gravity to explain the dark matter in the galaxies. This approach reveals: a) the nature of dark matter as gravity’s signature, b) the common nature of dark matter and of cosmological constant (dark energy), c) that the dark matter as a consequence of repulsive gravity increasing with the distance ensures the observed higher mass-to-luminosity M/L ratio while moving from the scales of galaxies to galaxy clusters. The galactic halos via non-force-free interaction due to the repulsive $\Lambda$-term of gravity determine the features of galactic disks as is supported by observations. The data of galaxy groups of the Hercules-Bootes region are also shown to support the $\Lambda$-gravity nature of the dark matter, i.e., the value of the cosmological constant is derived not from cosmological data. Among the consequences of such modified General Relativity is the natural link to AdS/CFT correspondence.