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Free energies of triply and quadruply degenerate electron ladder spectra

  • Regular Article – Clusters and Nanostructures
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Abstract

The electronic free energies in metal clusters are calculated based on a simple ladder spectrum for the level degeneracies three and four, and compared with the known results for degeneracies one and two. The low-temperature and the asymptotic high-temperature results for free energy differences of particles with different electron numbers are generalized to ladder spectra of any degeneracy. Remarkably, free energy differences do not approach zero at high energies for size-independent Fermi energies.

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Data Availability Statement

This manuscript has associated data in a data repository [Authors’ comment: The study is purely theoretical and no data were recorded beyond those simulated and shown in the figures.]

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Science, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300072, China

    Minghao Li

  2. Department of Physics, University of Toronto, 60 St. George Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A7, Canada

    Zehua Sun

  3. Department of Physics, Center for Joint Quantum Studies, School of Science, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300072, China

    Klavs Hansen

Authors
  1. Minghao Li
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  2. Zehua Sun
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  3. Klavs Hansen
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Contributions

KH conceived the idea and calculated the \(g=3\) analytical case. ML and ZS calculated jointly the \(g=4\) case analytically and the \(g=3\) and \(g=4\) cases numerically, and plotted the data. KH wrote the paper.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Klavs Hansen.

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Li, M., Sun, Z. & Hansen, K. Free energies of triply and quadruply degenerate electron ladder spectra. Eur. Phys. J. D 75, 278 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1140/epjd/s10053-021-00287-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1140/epjd/s10053-021-00287-1

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