Abstract
Here we discuss our recent investigations of the ionospheric plasma by using very low and low frequency (VLF/LF) radio waves. We give a review of how to detect different low ionospheric reactions (sudden ionospheric disturbances) to various terrestrial and extra-terrestrial events, show their classification according to intensity and time duration, and present some methods for their detections in time and frequency domains. Investigations of detection in time domain are carried out for intensive long-lasting perturbations induced by solar X-ray flares and for short-lasting perturbations caused by gamma ray bursts. We also analyze time variations of signals used in the low ionospheric monitoring after earthquake events. In addition, we describe a procedure for the detection of acoustic and gravity waves from the VLF/LF signal analysis in frequency domain. The research of the low ionospheric plasma is based on data collected by the VLF/LF receivers located in Belgrade, Serbia.
Graphical abstract
Similar content being viewed by others
References
A.P. Mitra, Ionospheric effects of solar flares (D. Reidel Publishing Company, US, 1974)
V. Bothmer, I.A. Daglis, Space weather: physics and effects (Springer Science & Business Media, 2007)
G.D. Rathinavelu, M. Sivaraman, Eur. Phys. J. D 66, 32 (2012)
K. Jilani, A.M. Mirza, T.A. Khan, Astrophys. Space Sci. 344, 135 (2013)
M.M. Haider, Eur. Phys. J. D 70, 28 (2016)
M. Ayub, T.A. Khan, K. Jilani, Math. Methods Appl. Sci. 39, 134 (2016)
M. Hayakawa, Sensors 7, 1141 (2007)
N. Jakowski, V. Wilken, S. Schlueter, S. Stankov, S. Heise, J. Atmos. Sol. Terr. Phys. 67, 1074 (2005)
M.A. Clilverd, C.J. Rodger, N.R. Thomson, J.B. Brundell, T. Ulich, J. Lichtenberger, N. Cobbett, A.B. Collier, F.W. Menk, A. Seppälä et al., Space Weather 7, S04001 (2009)
I. Silber, C. Price, Surv. Geophys. 38, 407 (2016)
A. Nina, V. Čadež, Adv. Space. Res. 57, 1276 (2014)
J.B. Bajčetić, A.M. Nina, V.M. Čadež, B.M. Todorović, Therm. Sci. 19, S229 (2015)
A.K. Maurya, D.V. Phanikumar, R. Singh, S. Kumar, B. Veenadhari, Y.S. Kwak, A. Kumar, A.K. Singh, K. Niranjan Kumar, J. Geophys. Res. 119, 8512 (2014)
X. Zhang, L. Tang, Ann. Geophys. 33, 137 (2015)
S. Kumar, A. Kumar, A.K. Maurya, R. Singh, J. Geophys. Res. 121, 5930 (2016)
I. Binietoglou, S. Basart, L. Alados-Arboledas, V. Amiridis, A. Argyrouli, H. Baars, J.M. Baldasano, D. Balis, L. Belegante, J.A. Bravo-Aranda et al., Atmos. Meas. Tech. 8, 3577 (2015)
R. Schofield, L.M. Avallone, L.E. Kalnajs, A. Hertzog, I. Wohltmann, M. Rex, Atmos. Chem. Phys. 15, 2463 (2015)
I. Strelnikova, M. Rapp, Adv. Space. Res. 45, 247 (2010)
M. Todorović Drakul, V.M. Čadež, J. Bajčetić, L.Č. Popović, D. Blagojević, A. Nina, Serb. Astron. J. 193 (2016)
J.L. Chau, J. Rottger, M. Rapp, J. Atmos. Sol. Terr. Phys. 118, Part A, 113 (2014)
T.G. Verhulst, D. Sapundjiev, S.M. Stankov, Adv. Space. Res. 57, 2407 (2016)
A. Nina, S. Simić, V.A. Srećković, L.Č. Popović, Geophys. Res. Lett. 42, 8250 (2015)
G. Zgrablic, D. Vinkovic, S. Gradecak, D. Kovacic, N. Biliskov, N. Grbac, E. Andreic, S. Garaj, J. Geophys. Res. 107, SIA 11 (2002)
A. Nina, V. Čadež, D. Šulić, V. Srećković, V. Žigman, Nucl. Instrum. Methods B 279, 106 (2012)
A. Nina, V. Čadež, V. Srećković, D. Šulić, Nucl. Instrum. Methods B 279, 110 (2012)
E.D. Schmitter, Ann. Geophys. 31, 765 (2013)
J.A. Ferguson, Technical document 3030, Space and Naval Warfare Systems Center (San Diego, CA, 1998)
M.B. Cohen, U.S. Inan, E.W. Paschal, IEEE T. Geosci. Remote 48, 3 (2010)
A. Nina, V. Čadež, V.A. Srećković, D. Šulić, Balt. Astron. 20, 609 (2011)
J.P. Raulin, P. Correia de Matos David, R. Hadano, A.C.V. Saraiva, E. Correia, P. Kaufmann, Earth Moon Planets 104, 247 (2009)
U.S. Inan, M. Golkowski, M.K. Casey, R.C. Moore, W. Peter, P. Kulkarni, P. Kossey, E. Kennedy, S. Meth, P. Smit, Geophys. Res. Lett. 34, L02106 (2007)
J. Artru, V. Ducic, H. Kanamori, P. Lognonné, M. Murakami, Geophys. J. Int. 160, 840 (2005)
A. Nina, V.M. Čadež, Geophys. Res. Lett. 40, 4803 (2013)
J. Mabie, T. Bullett, P. Moore, G. Vieira, Geophys. Res. Lett. 43, 11024 (2016)
D. Šulić, V.A. Srećković, Serb. Astron. J. 188, 45 (2014)
A. Kolarski, D. Grubor, Adv. Space. Res. 53, 1595 (2014)
D. Šulić, V.A. Srećković, A.A. Mihajlov, in Solar Flares: Investigations and Selected Research (Nova Science Publishers, 2016)
A. Nina, V.M. Čadež, J. Bajčetić, Serb. Astron. J. 191, 51 (2015)
N.R. Thomson, J. Atmos. Sol. Terr. Phys. 55, 173 (1993)
D.P. Grubor, D.M. Šulić, V. Žigman, Ann. Geophys. 26, 1731 (2008)
A. Nina, Ph.D. thesis, University of Belgrade (2014)
O. Molchanov, M. Hayakawa, T. Oudoh, E. Kawai, Phys. Earth Planet Iner. 105, 239 (1998)
M. Hernández-Pajares, J.M. Juan, J. Sanz, J. Geophys. Res. 111, A07S11 (2006)
E.L. Afraimovich, Earth, Planets and Space 60, 895 (2008)
J. De Keyser, V. Čadež, J. Geophys. Res. 106, 29467 (2001)
J. De Keyser, V. Čadež, J. Geophys. Res. 106, 15609 (2001)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Contribution to the Topical Issue “Physics of Ionized Gases (SPIG 2016)”, edited by Goran Poparic, Bratislav Obradovic, Dragana Maric and Aleksandar Milosavljevic.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Nina, A., Čadež, V.M., Popović, L.Č. et al. Diagnostics of plasma in the ionospheric D-region: detection and study of different ionospheric disturbance types. Eur. Phys. J. D 71, 189 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1140/epjd/e2017-70747-0
Received:
Revised:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1140/epjd/e2017-70747-0