Abstract
Metal atoms in solid and liquid helium-4 have attracted some interest either as a way to keep the atoms in a weakly perturbing matrix, or using them as a probe for the helium host medium. Laser sputtering with nanosecond pulsed lasers is the most often used method for atom production, resulting however in a substantial perturbation of the matrix. We show that a much weaker perturbation can be obtained by using femtosecond laser pulses with energy as low as 10 μJ. As an unexpected benefit, the atomic density produced is much higher.
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Melich, M., Dupont-Roc, J. & Jacquier, P. Efficient atomization of cesium metal in solid helium by low energy (10 μJ) femtosecond pulses. Eur. Phys. J. D 55, 53–56 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1140/epjd/e2009-00231-5
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1140/epjd/e2009-00231-5