Skip to main content

Advertisement

Log in

CP violation and the CKM matrix: assessing the impact of the asymmetric B factories

  • experimental physics
  • Published:
The European Physical Journal C - Particles and Fields Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract.

We present an up-to-date profile of the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa matrix with emphasis on the interpretation of recent CP-violation results from the B factories. For this purpose, we review all relevant experimental and theoretical inputs from the contributing domains of electroweak interaction. We give the “standard” determination of the apex of the Unitarity Triangle, namely the Wolfenstein parameters \(\overline\rho\) and \(\overline\eta\), by means of a global CKM fit. The fit is dominated by the precision measurement of \(\sin 2 \beta\) by the B factories. A detailed numerical and graphical study of the impact of the results is presented. We propose to include \(\sin 2\alpha\) from the recent measurement of the time-dependent CP-violating asymmetries in \(B^0\to\rho^ + \rho^-\), using isospin relations to discriminate the penguin contribution. The constraint from \(\varepsilon^\prime/\varepsilon\) is discussed. We study the impact from the branching fraction measurement of the rare kaon decay \(K^ + \to\pi^ + \nu\overline\nu\), and give an outlook into the reach of a future measurement of \(K^0_L\to\pi^0\nu\overline\nu\). The B system is investigated in detail. We display the constraint on \(2\beta + \gamma\) and \(\gamma\) from \(B^0\to D^{(*)\pm}\pi^\mp\) and \(B^ + \to D^{(*)0}K^ + \) decays, respectively. A significant part of this paper is dedicated to the understanding of the dynamics of B decays into \(\pi\pi\), \(K\pi\), \(\rho\pi\), \(\rho\rho\) and modes related to these by flavor symmetry. Various phenomenological approaches and theoretical frameworks are discussed. We find a remarkable agreement of the \(\pi\pi\) and \(K\pi\) data with the other constraints in the unitarity plane when the hadronic matrix elements are calculated within QCD Factorization, where we apply a conservative treatment of the theoretical uncertainties. A global fit of QCD Factorization to all \(\pi\pi\) and \(K\pi\) data leads to precise predictions of the related observables. However sizable phenomenological power corrections are preferred. Using an isospin-based phenomenological parameterization, we analyze separately the \(B\to K\pi\) decays, and the impact of electroweak penguins in response to recent discussions. We find that the present data are not sufficiently precise to constrain either electroweak parameters or hadronic amplitude ratios. We do not observe any unambiguous sign of New Physics, whereas there is some evidence for potentially large non-perturbative rescattering effects. Finally we use a model-independent description of a large class of New Physics effects in both \(B^0\overline B^0\) mixing and B decays, namely in the \(b\to d\) and \(b\to s\) gluonic penguin amplitudes, to perform a new numerical analysis. Significant non-standard corrections cannot be excluded yet, however Standard Model solutions are favored in most cases. In the appendix to this paper we propose a frequentist method to extract a confidence level on \(\Delta m_s\) from the experimental information on \(B^0_s \overline B_s^0\) oscillation. In addition we describe a novel approach to combine potentially inconsistent measurements. All results reported in this paper have been obtained with the numerical analysis package CKMfitter, featuring the frequentist statistical approach Rfit.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. N. Cabibbo, Phys. Rev. Lett. 10, 351 (1963)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. M. Kobayashi, T. Maskawa, Prog. Theor. Phys. 49, 652 (1973)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. L. Wolfenstein, Phys. Rev. Lett. 51, 1945 (1983)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. A.J. Buras, M.E. Lautenbacher, G. Ostermaier, Phys. Rev. D50, 3433 (1994)

  5. I.Y. Bigi, V.A. Khoze, N.G. Uraltsev, A.I. Sanda, in “CP Violation”, C. Jarlskog Ed., World Scientific, Singapore (1988)

  6. A. Höcker, H. Lacker, S. Laplace, F. Le Diberder, Eur. Phys. J. C21, 225 (2001)

  7. Partially updated plots and results are available at the CKMfitter web site: http://ckmfitter.in2p3.fr and its mirror http://www.slac.stanford.edu/xorg/ckmfitter

  8. M. Ciuchini, G. D’Agostini, E. Franco, V. Lubicz, G. Martinelli, F. Parodi, P. Roudeau, A. Stocchi, J. High Energy Phys. 0107, 013 (2001)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. M. Battaglia et al. , CERN-2003-002, Cern Yellow Report, Based on the Workshop on CKM Unitarity Triangle (CERN 2002-2003), Geneva, Switzerland, 13-16 Feb 2002, [hep-ph/0304132]

  10. A.J. Buras, F. Parodi, A. Stocchi, J. High Energy Phys., 0301, 029 (2003); A. Ali, Lectures given at the International Meeting on Fundamental Physics, Soto de Cangas, Spain, 23-28 Feb. 2003 [hep-ph/0312303]; G. Eigen, G.P. Dubois-Felsmann, D.G. Hitlin, F.C. Porter, Contributed to International Europhysics Conference on High-Energy Physics (HEP 2003), Aachen, Germany, 17-23 Jul 2003 [hep-ex/0312062] (see also hep-ph/0308262); K. Schubert, Talk given at 2nd Workshop on the CKM Unitarity Triangle, Durham, England, 5-9 Apr 2003, http://www.ippp.dur.ac.uk/~ckm/econf/index.html, WG3; see also [6], which cites earlier studies, and [10]

  11. L.L. Chau, W.Y. Keung, Phys. Rev. Lett. 53, 1802 (1984)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Particle Data Group (K. Hagiwara et al. ), Phys. Rev. D66, 010001 (2002 and 2003 update)

  13. C. Jarlskog, Phys. Rev. Lett. 55, 1039 (1985)

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. G.C. Branco, L. Lavoura, J.P. Silva, CP Violation, The Intern. Series of Monographs on Physics - 103, Oxford Science Publications, Oxford, UK (1999)

  15. E787 Collaboration (S. Adler et al. ), Phys. Rev. Lett. 88, 041803 (2002)

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. E949 Collaboration (A.V. Artamonov et al. ) [hep-ex/0403036 (2004)], http://www.phy.bnl.gov/e949

  17. I.S. Towner, J.C. Hardy, J. Phys. G: Nucl. Part. Phys. 29, 197 (2003)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. K. Saito, A.W. Thomas, Phys. Lett. B363, 157 (1995)

  19. H. Abele et al. , Phys. Rev. Lett. 88, 211801 (2002)

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. D. Pocanic (for the PIBETA Collaboration), Talk given at 2nd Workshop on the CKM Unitarity Triangle, Durham, England, 5-9 Apr 2003, eConf C0304052, WG606

  21. J.F. Donoghue, B.R. Holstein, S.W. Klimt, Phys. Rev. D35, 934 (1987)

  22. R. Flores-Mendieta, A. Garcia, G. Sanchez-Colon, Phys. Rev. D54, 6855 (1996)

  23. N. Cabibbo, E. C. Swallow, R. Winston, APS-123-QED [hep-ph/0307214] (2003)

  24. H. Leutwyler, M. Roos, Z. Phys. C25, 91 (1984)

  25. E.A. Paschos, U. Türke, Phys. Rep. 178, 145 (1989)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. W. Jaus, Phys. Rev. D44, 2851 (1991)

  27. P. Post, K. Schilcher, Eur. Phys. J. C25, 427 (2002)

  28. J. Bijnens, P. Talavera, Nucl. Phys. B 669, 341 (2003)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. V. Cirigliano, H. Neufeld, H. Pichl [hep-ph/0401173]

  30. D. Becirevic et al. [hep-ph/0403217]

  31. W.J. Marciano, A. Sirlin, Phys. Rev. Lett. 56, 22 (1986)

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. H.H. Williams et al. , Phys. Rev. Lett. 33, 240 (1974); T. Becherrawy et al. , Phys. Rev. D1, 1452 (1970)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. V. Cirigliano, Talk given at 38th Rencontres de Moriond on Electroweak Interactions and Unified Theories, Les Arcs, France, 15-22 Mar 2003 [hep-ph/0305154]

  34. BNL-E865 Collaboration (A. Sher et al. ), AIP Conf. Proc. 698, 381 (2004), hep-ex/0305042

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. B. Sciascia (for the KLOE Collaboration), Talk given at 2nd Workshop on the CKM Unitarity Triangle, Durham, England, 5-9 Apr 2003, eConf C0304052, WG607

  36. S. Miscetti (for the KLOE Collaboration), Talk given at 39th Rencontres de Moriond: Electroweak Interactions and Unified Theories La Thuile, Val d’Aoste, Italy, Mar 21-28 2004 [hep-ex/0405040]

  37. KTeV Collaboration, (T. Alexopoulos et al. ) [hep-ex/0406001]

  38. E. Gamiz, M. Jamin, A. Pich, J. Prades, F. Schwab, J. High Energy Phys. 0301, 060 (2003)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  39. CDHS Collaboration (H. Abramowicz et al. ), Z. Phys. C15, 19 (1982)

  40. CCFR Collaboration (A.O. Bazarko et al. ), Z. Phys. C65, 189 (1995)

  41. CHARM II Collaboration (P. Vilain et al. ), Eur. Phys. J. C11, 19 (1999)

  42. T. Bolton, KSU-HEP-97-04 [hep-ex/9708014] (1997)

  43. FNAL-E531 Collaboration (N. Ushida et al. ), Phys. Lett. B206, 375 (1988)

  44. CLEO Collaboration (Y. Kubota et al. ), Phys. Rev. D54, 2994 (1996)

  45. M. Bargiotti et al. , Riv. Nuovo Cim. 23 N3, 1 (2000)

    Google Scholar 

  46. L. Montanet et al. , Phys. Rev. D50, 1173 (1994)

  47. ALEPH Collaboration (R. Barate et al. ), Phys. Lett. B453, 107 (1999); ALEPH Collaboration (R. Barate et al. ), ALEPH 99-064 CONF-99-038; ALEPH Collaboration (R. Barate et al. ), Phys. Lett. B465, 349 (1999)

  48. DELPHI Collaboration (P. Abreu et al. ), Phys. Lett. B439, 209 (1998)

  49. OPAL Collaboration (G. Abbiendi et al. ), Phys. Lett. B490, 71 (2000)

  50. LEP Electroweak Working Group, CERN-EP-2001-098 [hep-ex/0112021] (2001)

  51. K. Benslama (for the CLEO-c Collaboration), Talk given at 37th Rencontres de Moriond on Electroweak Interactions and Unified Theories, Les Arcs, France, 9-16 Mar 2002, hep-ex/0205003

  52. N. Isgur, M. Wise, Phys. Lett. B232, 113 (1989); Phys. Lett. 237, 527 (1990)

    Google Scholar 

  53. H. Georgi, Phys. Lett. B238, 395 (1990)

  54. M. Luke, Phys. Lett. B252, 447 (1990)

  55. N. Uraltsev, Talk given at Flavor Physics and CP Violation (FPCP 2003), Paris, France, 3-6 Jun 2003 [hep-ph/0309081]

  56. M. Shifman, N. Uraltsev, A. Vainshtein, Phys. Rev. D51, 2217 (1995); Erratum-ibid. D52, 3149 (1995)

  57. M. Neubert, Phys. Lett. B338, 84 (1994)

  58. A. Falk, M. Neubert, Phys. Rev. D47, 2965 (1993)

  59. A. Kronfeld, Phys. Rev. D62, 014505 (2000)

  60. J. Harada et al. , Phys. Rev. D65, 094514 (2002)

  61. S. Hashimoto et al. , Phys. Rev. D66, 014503 (2002)

  62. The Heavy Flavor Averaging Group, http://www.slac.stanford.edu/xorg/hfag/ (Summer 2003 and Winter 2004 averages)

  63. I.I. Bigi, M. Shifman, N.G. Uraltsev, Annu. Rev. Nucl. Part. Sci. 47, 591 (1997)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  64. I.I. Bigi, M. Shifman, N. Uraltsev, A. Vainshtein, Phys. Rev. D56, 4017 (1997); Phys. Rev. D52, 196 (1995)

  65. CLEO Collaboration (S. Chen et al. ), Phys. Rev. Lett. 87, 251807 (2001)

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  66. C.W. Bauer, Z. Ligeti, M. Luke, A.V. Manohar, M. Trott, Phys. Rev. D70, 094017 (2004)

  67. K. Schubert, Talk given at 21st International Symposium on Lepton and Photon Interactions at High Energies (LP 03), Batavia, Illinois, 11-16 Aug 2003

  68. BABAR Collaboration (B. Aubert et al. ), BABAR-PUB-03-045 [hep-ex/0403030]

  69. BABAR Collaboration (B. Aubert et al. ), BABAR-CONF-03-034 [hep-ex/0403031]

  70. BABAR Collaboration (B. Aubert et al. ), BABAR-PUB-04-007 [hep-ex/0404017]

  71. BABAR Collaboration (B. Aubert et al. ), Phys. Rev. Lett. 90, 181801 (2003)

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  72. CLEO Collaboration (S.B. Athar et al. ), Phys. Rev. D68, 072003 (2003)

  73. ARGUS Collaboration (H. Albrecht et al. ), Phys. Lett. B255, 297 (1991)

  74. CLEO Collaboration (R. Fulton et al. ), Phys. Rev. Lett. 64, 16 (1990)

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  75. CLEO Collaboration (J. Bartelt et al. ), Phys. Rev. Lett. 71, 4111 (1993)

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  76. G. Altarelli, N. Cabibbo, G. Corbó, L. Maiani, G. Martinelli, Nucl. Phys. B208, 365 (1982)

  77. N. Isgur, D. Scora, B. Grinstein, M.B. Wise, Phys. Rev. D39, 799 (1989)

  78. J.G. Körner, G.A. Schuler, Z. Phys. C38, 511 (1988); Erratum-ibid. C41, 690 (1989)

  79. M. Wirbel, B. Stech, M. Bauer, Z. Phys. C29, 637 (1985)

  80. CLEO Collaboration (A. Bornheim et al. ), Phys. Rev. Lett. 88, 231803 (2002)

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  81. BABAR Collaboration (B. Aubert et al. ), BABAR-CONF-02-012, Contributed to 31st International Conference on High Energy Physics (ICHEP 2002), Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 24-31 Jul 2002 [hep-ex/0207081]

  82. Belle Collaboration (K. Abe et al. ), BELLE-CONF-0325 (2003), Contributed to International Europhysics Conference on High-Energy Physics (HEP 2001), Budapest, Hungary, 12-18 Jul 2001

  83. A.K. Leibovich, Z. Ligeti, M.B. Wise, Phys. Lett. B539, 242 (2002)

  84. C.W. Bauer, M. Luke, T. Mannel, Phys. Lett. B543, 261 (2002)

  85. M. Neubert, Phys. Lett. B543, 269 (2002)

  86. C.N. Burrell, M.E. Luke, A.R. Williamson, Phys.Rev. D69, 074015 (2004)

  87. I.I.Y. Bigi, N. Uraltsev, Int. J. Mod. Phys. A16, 5201 (2001)

  88. M.B. Voloshin, Phys. Lett. B515, 74 (2001)

  89. DELPHI Collaboration (P. Abreu et al. ), Phys. Lett. B478, 14 (2000)

  90. BABAR Collaboration (B. Aubert et al. ), Phys. Rev. Lett. 92, 071802 (2004)

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  91. CLEO Collaboration (A. Bornheim et al. ), CLEO-CONF-02-08, Contributed to 31st International Conference on High Energy Physics (ICHEP 2002), Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 24-31 Jul 2002 [hep-ex/0207064]

  92. A. Sugiyama (for the Belle Collaboration), Talk given at 38th Rencontres de Moriond on Electroweak Interactions and Unified Theories, Les Arcs, France, 15-22 Mar 2003 [hep-ex/0306020]

  93. ALEPH collaboration (R. Barate et al. ), Eur. Phys. J. C6, 555 (1999)

  94. OPAL collaboration, (G. Abbiendi et al. ), Eur. Phys. J. C21, 399 (2001)

  95. L. Gibbons (for the CLEO Collaboration), To appear in the proceedings of 9th International Conference on B Physics at Hadron Machines (Beauty 2003), Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 14-18 Oct 2003 [hep-ex/0402009]

  96. O. Catá, S. Peris [hep-ph/0406094]

  97. T. Trippe, private communication (2004)

  98. KTeV Collaboration, (T. Alexopoulos et al. ) [hep-ex/0406002]

  99. L. Lellouch, Nucl. Phys. Proc. Suppl. 94, 142 (2001)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  100. J. Bijnens, J. Prades, Nucl. Phys. B444, 523 (1995); J. High Energy Physics 01, 002 (2000); S. Peris, E. de Rafael, Phys. Rev. Lett. 490, 213 (2000).

    Google Scholar 

  101. G. Buchalla, A.J. Buras, M.E. Lautenbacher, Rev. Mod. Phys. 68, 1125 (1996)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  102. T. Inami, C.S. Lim, Prog. Theor. Phys. 65, 297 (1981); Erratum-ibid. 65, 1772 (1981)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  103. L. Cerrito (for the CDF and D0 Collaboration), To appear in the proceedings of 39th Rencontres de Moriond on QCD and High-Energy Hadronic Interactions, La Thuile, Italy, 28 Mar - 4 Apr 2004 [hep-ex/0405046]

  104. K. Melnikov, T. van Ritbergen, Phys. Lett. B482, 99 (2000)

  105. N. Gray, D.J. Broadhurst, W. Grafe, K. Schilcher, Z. Phys. C48, 673 (1990)

  106. D.J. Broadhurst, N. Gray, K. Schilcher, Z. Phys. C52, 111 (1991)

  107. S. Herrlich, U. Nierste, Nucl. Phys. B419, 292 (1994)

  108. U. Nierste, [9] and private communication (2003)

  109. D. Becirevic, Talk given at 2nd Workshop on the CKM Unitarity Triangle, Durham, England, 5-9 Apr 2003 [hep-ph/0310072]

  110. M.J. Booth, Phys. Rev. D51, 2338 (1995)

  111. S.R. Sharpe, Y. Zhang, Phys. Rev. D53, 5125 (1996)

  112. C. Bernard, T. Blum, A. Soni, Phys. Rev. D58 014501 (1998)

  113. JLQCD Collaboration (N. Yamada et al. ), Nucl. Phys. B Proc. Suppl. 106, 397 (2002) [hep-lat/0110087]

    Article  Google Scholar 

  114. S. Kronfeld, S.M. Ryan, Phys. Lett. B543, 59 (2002)

  115. D. Becirevic et al. , Phys. Lett. B563, 150 (2003)

  116. C. Davies, Talk given at Flavor Physics and CP Violation (FPCP 2003), Paris, France, 3-6 Jun 2003 [hep-ph/0311040]

  117. J.L. Rosner, Nucl. Instrum. Meth. A462, 304 (2001)

  118. ALEPH Collaboration (A. Heister et al. ), Eur. Phys. J. C29, 143 (2003)

  119. DELPHI Collaboration (P. Abreu et al. ), Eur. Phys. J. C16, 555 (2000); DELPHI Collaboration (P. Abreu et al. ), Eur. Phys. J. C18, 229 (2000); DELPHI Collaboration (J. Adballah et al. ), Eur. Phys. J. C28, 155 (2003); DELPHI Collaboration (J. Adballah et al. ), Contribution 607 to 30th International Conference on High-Energy Physics (ICHEP 2002), Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Jul 24-31 2002

  120. OPAL Collaboration (G. Abbiendi et al. ), Eur. Phys. J. C11 587, (1999); OPAL Collaboration (G. Abbiendi et al. ), Eur. Phys. J. C19, 241 (2001)

  121. SLD Collaboration (K. Abe et al. ), Phys. Rev. D66, 032009 (2002); SLD Collaboration (K. Abe et al. ), Phys. Rev. D67, 012006 (2003); SLD Collaboration (K. Abe et al. ), SLAC-PUB-8568, Contributed to 30th International Conference on High-Energy Physics (ICHEP 2000), Osaka, Japan, 27 Jul - 2 Aug 2000 [hep-ex/0012043]

  122. CDF Collaboration (F. Abe et al. ), Phys. Rev. Lett. 82, 3576 (1999)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  123. H.G. Moser, A. Roussarie, Nucl. Inst. Meth. A384, 491 (1997)

  124. D. Abbaneo, G. Boix, J. High Energy Phys. 08, 4 (1999)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  125. P. Checchia, E. Piotto, F. Simonetto, Contributed to International Europhysics Conference on High-Energy Physics (EPS-HEP 99), Tampere, Finland, 15-21 Jul 1999 [hep-ph/9907300]

  126. A. Ali, M. Misiak, Chapter 6.2 in [9]

  127. M. Iwasaki (for the Belle Collaboration), Talk given at 39th Rencontres de Moriond: Electroweak Interactions and Unified Theories La Thuile, Val d’Aoste, Italy, 21-28 Mar 2004

  128. A. Ali, E. Lunghi, A.Y. Parkhomenko, DESY-04-065 [hep-ph/0405075] (2004)

  129. BABAR Collaboration (B. Aubert et al. ), Phys. Rev. Lett. 89, 201802 (2002)

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  130. Belle Collaboration (K. Abe et al. ), BELLE-CONF-0344, Contributed to 21st International Symposium on Lepton and Photon Interactions at High Energies (LP 03), Batavia, Illinois, 11-16 Aug 2003 [hep-ex/0308036]

  131. R. Fleischer, Phys. Lett. B365, 399 (1996)

  132. D. London, A. Soni, Phys. Lett. B407, 61(1997); see also [201]

  133. Y. Grossman, Z. Ligeti, Y. Nir, H. Quinn Phys. Rev. D68, 015004 (2003)

  134. M. Gronau, Y. Grossman, J.L. Rosner, Phys. Lett. B579, 331 (2004)

  135. M. Beneke, M. Neubert, Nucl. Phys. B675 333 (2003)

  136. BABAR Collaboration (B. Aubert et al. ), BABAR-PUB-04/004 [hep-ex/0403026] (2004)

  137. Belle Collaboration (K. Abe et al. ), Phys. Rev. Lett. 91, 261602 (2003)

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  138. M. Verderi (for the BABAR Collaboration), Talk given at 39th Rencontres de Moriond: Electroweak Interactions and Unified Theories La Thuile, Val d’Aoste, Italy, 21-28 Mar 2004

  139. BABAR Collaboration (B. Aubert et al. ), BABAR-PUB-04-017 [hep-ex/0406040] (2004)

  140. BABAR Collaboration (B. Aubert et al. ), Phys. Rev. Lett. 91, 161801 (2003)

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  141. M. Gronau, D. London, Phys. Rev. Lett. 65, 3381 (1990)

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  142. Y. Grossman, H.R. Quinn, Phys. Rev. D58, 017504 (1998)

  143. J. Charles, Thése de l’Université Paris-Sud, April 1999, LPT-Orsay 99-31; available (in French) at http://www.tel.ccsd.cnrs.fr (ID 00002502)

  144. M. Gronau, D. London, N. Sinha, R. Sinha, Phys. Lett. B514, 315 (2001)

  145. BABAR Collaboration (B. Aubert et al. ), BABAR-PUB-04-09 [hep-ex/0404029] (2004)

  146. BABAR Collaboration (B. Aubert et al. ), Phys. Rev. D69, 031102 (2004)

  147. BABAR Collaboration (B. Aubert et al. ), Phys. Rev. Lett. 91, 171802 (2003)

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  148. Belle Collaboration (J. Zhang et al. ), Phys. Rev. Lett. 91, 221801 (2003)

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  149. L. Roos (for the BABAR Collaboration), Talk given at 39th Rencontres de Moriond: Electroweak Interactions and Unified Theories La Thuile, Val d’Aoste, Italy, 21-28 Mar 2004

  150. CMD-2 Collaboration (R. Akhmetshin et al. ) Phys. Lett. B578, 285 (2004)

  151. ALEPH Collaboration (R. Barate et al. ), Z. Phys. C76, 15 (1997)

  152. A. Falk, Z. Ligeti, Y. Nir, H. R. Quinn, Phys. Rev. D69, 011502 (2004)

  153. BABAR Collaboration (B. Aubert et al. ), BABAR-CONF-03-004, Contributed to 38th Rencontres de Moriond on Electroweak Interactions and Unified Theories, Les Arcs, France, 15-22 Mar 2003 [hep-ex/0304030]

  154. Belle Collaboration, (K. Abe et al. ), BELLE-CONF-0247, Contributed to 31st International Conference on High Energy Physics (ICHEP 2002), Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 24-31 Jul 2002

  155. Y. Nir, Nucl. Phys. Proc. Suppl. 117, 111 (2003) [hep-ph/0208080]

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  156. Y. Grossman, H. R. Quinn, Phys. Rev. D56, 7259 (1997)

  157. LASS Collaboration (D. Aston et al. ), Nucl. Phys. B296, 493 (1988)

  158. J. Charles et al. , Phys. Lett. B425, 375 (1998); Erratum-ibid. B433, 441 (1998)

  159. C.W. Chiang, L. Wolfenstein, Phys. Rev. D61, 074031 (2000)

  160. A.S. Dighe, I. Dunietz, R. Fleischer, Eur. Phys. J. C6, 647 (1999)

  161. B. Kayser, in Proceedings of the 32nd Rencontres de Moriond on Electroweak Interactions and Unified Theories, Les Arcs, France, edited by J. Trân Thanh Vân, Ed. Frontiéres (1997), p.389; Y.I. Azimov, JETP Lett. 50, 447 (1989); Phys. Rev. D42, 3705 (1990)

    Google Scholar 

  162. H.R. Quinn, T. Schietinger, J.P. Silva, A.E. Snyder, Phys. Rev. Lett. 85, 5284 (2000)

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  163. Y. Grossman, D. Pirjol, J. High Energy Phys. 006, 029 (2000)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  164. A.J. Buras, M. Jamin, J. High Energy Phys. 0401, 048 (2004)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  165. A. J. Buras, F. Schwab, S. Uhlig, TUM-HEP-547, MPP-2004-47 [hep-ph/0405132] (2004)

  166. NA31 Collaboration (G.D. Barr et al. ), Phys. Lett. B317, 233 (1993)

  167. E731 Collaboration (L.K. Gibbons et al. ), Phys. Rev. D55, 6625 (1997)

  168. NA48 Collaboration (J.R. Batley et al. ), Phys. Lett. B544, 97 (2002)

  169. KTeV Collaboration (A. Alavi-Harati et al. ), Phys. Rev. D67, 012005 (2003)

  170. A. Buras, M. Jamin, M.E. Lautenbacher, Nucl. Phys. B408, 209 (1993)

  171. M. Ciuchini, E. Franco, G. Martinelli, L. Reina, Phys. Lett. B301, 263 (1993)

  172. E. Pallante, A. Pich, I. Scimemi, Nucl. Phys. B617, 441 (2001)

  173. D. Becirevic (for the SPQCDR Collaboration), Nucl. Phys. Proc. Suppl. 119, 359 (2003) [hep-lat/0209136]

    Article  Google Scholar 

  174. CP-PACS Collaboration (S. Aoki et al. ), Nucl. Phys. Proc. Suppl. 106, 332 (2002)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  175. RBC Collaboration (T. Blum et al. ), Phys. Rev. D68, 114506 (2003)

  176. M. Golterman, S. Peris, Phys. Rev. D68, 094506 (2003)

  177. T. Hambye, S. Peris, E. de Rafael, J. High Energy Phys. 0305, 027 (2003)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  178. J. Bijnens, E. Gamiz, J. Prades, J. High Energy Phys. 0110, 009 (2001)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  179. E. Gamiz, J. Prades, I. Scimemi, J. High Energy Phys. 0310, 042 (2003)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  180. G. Buchalla, A. Buras, Nucl. Phys. B548, 309 (1999)

  181. W.J. Marciano, Z. Parsa, Phys. Rev. D53, 1 (1996)

  182. The CKM Collaboration, Proposal to the FNAL PAC, http://www.fnal.gov/projects/ckm/documentation/public/proposal/proposal.html

  183. T. Inagaki (for the E391 Collaboration), KEK-PREPRINT-96-181, Talk given at 3rd International Workshop on Particle Physics Phenomenology, Taipei, Taiwan, 14-17 Nov 1996

  184. The KOPIO Collaboration, RSVP MRE Proposal, http://pubweb.bnl.gov/people/rsvp/proposal.ps

  185. BABAR Collaboration (B. Aubert et al. ), BABAR-PUB-03-031 [hep-ex/0309017] (2003)

  186. Belle Collaboration (P. Krokovny et al. ), Phys. Rev. Lett. 89, 231804 (2002); BABAR Collaboration (B. Aubert et al. ), BABAR-CONF-02-034 Contributed to 31st International Conference on High Energy Physics (ICHEP 2002), Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 24-31 Jul 2002 [hep-ex/0207053]

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  187. BABAR Collaboration (B. Aubert et al. ), BABAR-PUB-03-033 [hep-ex/0310037] (2003)

  188. Belle Collaboration (K. Abe et al. ), BELLE-CONF-0341, Contributed to 21st International Symposium on Lepton and Photon Interactions at High Energies (LP 03), Batavia, Illinois, 11-16 Aug 2003 [hep-ex/0308048]

  189. M. Gronau, D. London, Phys. Lett. B253, 483 (1991)

  190. M. Gronau, D. Wyler, Phys. Lett. B265, 172 (1991)

  191. I. Dunietz, Phys. Lett. B270, 75 (1991)

  192. I. Dunietz, Z. Phys. C56, 129 (1992)

  193. D. Atwood, I. Dunietz, A. Soni, Phys. Rev. Lett. 78, 3257 (1997); Phys. Rev. D63, 036005 (2001)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  194. BABAR Collaboration (B. Aubert et al. ), BABAR-PUB-04-002 [hep-ex/0402024] (2004)

  195. A. Giri, Y. Grossman, A. Soffer, J. Zupan, Phys. Rev. D68, 054018 (2003)

  196. Belle Collaboration (K. Abe et al. ), BELLE-CONF-0343 [hep-ex/0308043] (2003); updated analysis presented by A. Poluektof (for the Belle Collaboration) at 39th Rencontres de Moriond: Electroweak Interactions and Unified Theories La Thuile, Val d’Aoste, Italy, Mar 21-28, 2004.

  197. Belle Collaboration (K. Abe et al. ), BELLE-CONF-0343 [hep-ex/0406067] (2004)

  198. CLEO Collaboration (H. Muramatsu et al. ), Phys. Rev. Lett. 89, 251802 (2002); Erratum-ibid. 90, 059901 (2003); CLEO Collaboration (S. Kopp et al. ), Phys. Rev. D63, 092001 (2001)

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  199. J. Haïssinski, 21st Ecole de Gif (1989), in English, and references therein

  200. M. Pivk, Thése de l’Université Paris VII, May 2003, BABAR-THESIS-03/012, available (in French) at http://tel.ccsd.cnrs.fr (ID 00002991)

  201. BABAR Collaboration (P.F Harrison, H. Quinn eds.), “The BABAR Physics Book: Physics at an Asymmetric B Factory”, SLAC-R-0504 (1998)

  202. J. Charles, Phys. Rev. D59 054007, (1999)

  203. S. Gardner, Phys. Rev. D59, 077502 (1999)

  204. A. Höcker, H. Lacker, M. Pivk, L. Roos, LAL 02-103 (2002), LPNHE 2002-15; writeup available at http://www.slac.stanford.edu/xorg/ckmfitter/ckm\_talks.html

  205. M. Gronau, J.L. Rosner, Phys. Rev. D65, 013004 (2002); Erratum-ibid. D65, 079901 (2002)

  206. R. Fleischer, T. Mannel, Phys. Lett. B397, 269 (1997)

  207. M. Beneke, G. Buchalla, M. Neubert, C.T. Sachrajda, Phys. Rev. Lett. 83, 1914 (1999)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  208. M. Beneke, G. Buchalla, M. Neubert, C.T. Sachrajda, Nucl. Phys. B606, 245 (2001)

  209. M. Pivk, F.R. Le Diberder, LAL 04-10 [hep-ph/0406263,] Eur. Phys. J. C39, 397 (2005)

  210. A.J. Buras, R. Fleischer, Eur. Phys. J. C11, 93 (1999)

  211. M. Neubert, J.L. Rosner, Phys. Lett. B441, 403 (1998); Phys. Rev. Lett. 81, 5076 (1998)

    Google Scholar 

  212. J.P. Silva, L. Wolfenstein, Phys. Rev. D49, 1151 (1994)

  213. R. Fleischer, Phys. Lett. B459, 306 (1999)

  214. J.D. Bjorken in “New Developments in High Energy Physics”, eds. E.G Floratos, A. Verganelakis, Nucl. Phys. B11 (Proc. Suppl.), 325 (1989)

  215. M. Neubert, B. Stech, Adv. Ser. Direct. High Energy Phys. 15 294 (1998)

  216. Y.Y. Keum, H. Li, A.I. Sanda Phys. Lett. B504, 6 (2001)

  217. M. Ciuchini et al. , Phys. Lett. B515, 33 (2001)

  218. C.W. Bauer, D. Pirjol, I.Z. Rothstein, I.W. Stewart, MIT-CTP-3469 [hep-ph/0401188] (2004)

  219. H. Jawahery, Talk given at 21st International Symposium on Lepton and Photon Interactions at High Energies (LP 03), Batavia, Illinois, 11-16 Aug 2003

  220. Belle Collaboration (K. Abe et al. ), BELLE-PREPRINT-2004-1 [hep-ex/0401029] (2004)

  221. T. Browder, Talk given at 21st International Symposium on Lepton and Photon Interactions at High Energies (LP 03), Batavia, Illinois, 11-16 Aug 2003

  222. BABAR Collaboration (B. Aubert et al. ), Phys. Rev. Lett. 91, 021801 (2003)

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  223. T. Tomura (for the Belle Collaboration), Proceedings of 38th Rencontres de Moriond on Electroweak Interactions and Unified Theories, Les Arcs, France, 15-22 Mar 2003 [hep-ex/0305036]

  224. J. Fry, Talk given at 21st International Symposium on Lepton and Photon Interactions at High Energies (LP 03), Batavia, Illinois, 11-16 Aug 2003

  225. CLEO Collaboration (S. Chen et al. ), Phys. Rev. Lett.85, 525 (2000)

  226. M. Bona (for the BABAR Collaboration), Talk given at Flavor Physics and CP Violation (FPCP 2003), Paris, France, 3-6 Jun 2003

  227. BABAR Collaboration (B. Aubert et al. ), Phys. Rev. Lett. 89, 281802 (2001).

    Google Scholar 

  228. Belle Collaboration (Y. Chao et al. ), BELLE-PREPRINT-2003-26 [hep-ex/0311061] (2003)

  229. CLEO Collaboration (A. Bornheim et al. ), Phys. Rev. D68, 052002 (2003)

  230. BABAR Collaboration (B. Aubert et al. ), Phys. Rev. Lett. 91, 241801 (2003)

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  231. CDF Collaboration (C. Paus et al. ), Results prepared for Summer conferences (2003), http://www-cdf.fnal.gov/physics/new/bottom/030529.blessed-bhh/

  232. A.J. Buras, R. Fleischer, S. Recksiegel, F. Schwab, Phys. Rev. Lett. 92, 101804 (2004); A.J. Buras, R. Fleischer, S. Recksiegel, F. Schwab, CERN-PH-TH-2004-020 [hep-ph/0402112] (2004)

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  233. S. Barshay, L.M. Sehgal, J. van Leusen, Phys. Lett. B591, 97 (2004); A. Ali, E. Lunghi, A.Ya. Parkhomenko, DESY-04-036 [hep-ph/0403275] (2004); M. Gronau, J.L. Rosner, TECHNION-PH-2004-21 [hep-ph/0405173] (2004); G. Buchalla, A. Salim Safir, LMU-24-03 [hep-ph/0406016] (2004)

  234. L. Roos, Talk given at 2nd Workshop on the CKM Unitarity Triangle, Durham, England, 5-9 Apr 2003, eConf C0304052, WG418

  235. C.-W. Chiang, M. Gronau, J.L. Rosner, D.A. Suprun, MADPH-04-1372 [hep-ph/0404073] (2004);

  236. D. Pirjol, Phys. Rev. D60, 054020 (1999)

  237. M. Gronau, J.L. Rosner, Phys. Rev. D59, 113002 (1999); H.J. Lipkin, Phys. Lett. B445, 403 (1999); J. Matias, Phys. Lett. B520, 131 (2001)

  238. M. Gronau, J.L. Rosner, Phys. Lett. B572, 43 (2003)

  239. A.J. Buras, R. Fleischer, S. Recksiegel, F. Schwab, Eur. Phys. J. C32, 45 (2003)

  240. V. Barger, C.-W. Chiang, P. Langacker, H.S. Lee, MADPH-04-1381 [hep-ph/0406126] (2004)

  241. Y. Nir, H.R. Quinn, Phys. Rev. Lett. 67, 541 (1991)

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  242. L. Lavoura, Mod. Phys. Lett. A7, 1553 (1992)

  243. M. Imbeault, A. St-Laurent Lemerle, V. Page, D. London, Phys. Rev. Lett. 92, 081801 (2004)

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  244. M. Gronau, O.F. Hernandez, D. London, J.L. Rosner, Phys. Rev. D52, 6374 (1995)

  245. M. Gronau, J.L. Rosner, CLNS 03/1852, TECHNION-PH-2003-41, To appear in the proceedings of Workshop on the Discovery Potential of an Asymmetric B Factory at 1036 Luminosity, Menlo Park, California, 8-10 May 2003 [hep-ph/0311280] (2003)

  246. M. Gronau, D. Pirjol, T.M. Yan, Phys. Rev. D60, 034021 (1999); Erratum-ibid. D69, 119901 (2004)

  247. BABAR Collaboration (B. Aubert et al. ), Phys. Rev. Lett. 91, 201802 (2003); updated results BABAR-PLOT-0055 (2003)

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  248. D. Du, J. Sun, G. Zhu, D. Du, Phys. Rev. D68, 054003 (2003) D. Du, J. Sun, D. Yang, G. Zhu, Phys. Rev. D67, 014023 (2003); D. Du, H. Gong, J. Sun, D. Yang, G. Zhu Phys. Rev. D65, 094025 (2002); Erratum-ibid. D66, 079904 (2002);

  249. R. Aleksan, P.-F. Giraud, V. Morénas, O. Péne, A. S. Safir, Phys. Rev. D67, 094019 (2003)

  250. N. de Groot, W.N. Cottingham, I.B. Whittingham, Contributed to 38th Rencontres de Moriond on QCD and Hadronic Interactions, Les Arcs, France, 22-29 Mar 2003 [hep-ph/0305263] eConf C0304052, WG405

  251. C.-W. Chiang, M. Gronau, Z. Luo, J.L. Rosner, D.A. Suprun, Phys. Rev. D69, 034001 (2004)

  252. A. Höcker, M. Laget, S. Laplace, J. von Wimmersperg-Toeller, LAL 03-17 (2003), writeup available at http://www.slac.stanford.edu/xorg/ckmfitter/ckm\_talks.html

  253. H.R. Quinn, A.E. Snyder, Phys. Rev. D48, 2139 (1993)

  254. S. Versillé, Thése de l’Université Paris-Sud, April 1999; available (in French) at http://www-lpnhep.in2p3.fr/babar/public/versille/Thesis/

  255. Belle Collaboration, (K. Abe et al. ), BELLE-CONF-0318, Contributed to International Europhysics Conference on High-Energy Physics (HEP 2001), Budapest, Hungary, 12-18 Jul 2001

  256. CLEO Collaboration (C.P. Jessop et al. ), Phys. Rev. Lett. 85, 2881 (2000)

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  257. BABAR Collaboration, (B. Aubert et al. ), BABAR-PUB-03-037 [hep-ex/0311049] (2003)

  258. BABAR Collaboration, (B. Aubert et al. ), BABAR-CONF-03-14, Contributed to International Europhysics Conference on High-Energy Physics (HEP 2003), Aachen, Germany, 17-23 Jul 2003 [hep-ex/0307087]

  259. Belle Collaboration (J. Zhang et al. ), Belle-PREPRINT-2004-15 [hep-ex/0406006] (2004)

  260. Belle Collaboration (J. Dragic et al. ), BELLE-PREPRINT-2004-14 [hep-ex/0405068] (2004)

  261. Belle Collaboration (K. Abe et al. ), BELLE-CONF-0317, Contributed to International Europhysics Conference on High-Energy Physics (HEP 2003), Aachen, Germany, 17-23 Jul 2003

  262. CLEO Collaboration (E. Eckhart et al. ), Phys. Rev. Lett. 89, 251801 (2002)

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  263. CLEO Collaboration (D.M. Asner et al. ), Phys. Rev. D53, 1039 (1996)

  264. BABAR Collaboration (B. Aubert et al. ), BABAR-PUB-03-027 [hep-ex/0308065] (2003)

  265. Belle Collaboration (K. Abe et al. ), BELLE-CONF-0338, Contributed to 21st International Symposium on Lepton and Photon Interactions at High Energies (LP 03), Batavia, Illinois, 11-16 Aug 2003

  266. R. Aleksan, F. Buccella, A. Le Yaouanc, L. Oliver, O. Péne, J.-C. Raynal Phys. Lett. B356, 96 (1995)

  267. H.J. Lipkin, Y. Nir, H.R. Quinn, A. Snyder, Phys. Rev. D44, 1454 (1991)

  268. H.R. Quinn, J. Silva, Phys. Rev. D62, 054002 (2000)

  269. I. Dunietz, H.R. Quinn, A. Snyder, W. Toki, H.J. Lipkin, Phys. Rev. D43, 2193 (1991); A.S. Dighe, I. Dunietz, HJ. Lipkin, J.L. Rosner, Phys. Lett. B369, 144 (1996)

  270. A.L. Kagan, UCTP-102-04 [hep-ph/0405134] (2004)

  271. J. Charles, A. Le Yaouanc, L. Oliver, O. Péne , J.C. Raynal, Phys. Rev. D60, 014001 (1999)

  272. M. Zito, Phys. Lett. B586, 314 (2004)

  273. M. Ciuchini, E. Franco, G. Martinelli, L. Silvestrini, Nucl. Phys. B501, 271 (1997); M. Ciuchini, R Contino, E. Franco, G. Martinelli , L. Silvestrini, Nucl. Phys. B512, 3 (1998); Erratum-ibid. B531, 656 (1998); M. Ciuchini, E. Franco, G. Martinelli, M. Pierini , L. Silvestrini, Phys. Lett. B515, 33 (2001); A. Khodjamirian, Th. Mannel and B. Melic, Phys. Lett. B571, 75 (2003)

  274. J.F. Donoghue, E. Golowich, A.A. Petrov, J.M. Soares, Phys. Rev. Lett. 77, 2178 (1996)

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  275. See, e.g., [278] and references therein

  276. R. Fleischer, G. Isidori, J. Matias, J. High Energy Phys. 0305, 053 (2003)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  277. J.M. Soares, L. Wolfenstein, Phys. Rev. D47, 1021 (1993)

  278. Y. Grossman, Y. Nir, M.P. Worah, Phys. Lett. B407, 307 (1997)

  279. A.L. Kagan, M. Neubert, Phys. Lett. B492, 115 (2000)

  280. R. Fleischer, T. Mannel, Phys. Lett. B506, 311 (2001)

  281. D. Atwood, G. Hiller, LMU-09-03 [hep-ph/0307251] (2003)

  282. S. Laplace, Z. Ligeti, Y. Nir, G. Perez, Phys. Rev. D65, 094040 (2002)

  283. A.I. Sanda, Z-z. Xing, Phys. Rev. D56, 6866 (1997)

  284. L. Randall, S. Su, Nucl. Phys. B540, 37 (1999)

  285. R.N. Cahn, M.P. Worah, Phys. Rev. D60, 076006 (1999)

  286. G. Barenboim, G. Eyal, Y. Nir, Phys. Rev. Lett. 83, 4486 (1999)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  287. M. Beneke, G. Buchalla, A. Lenz, U. Nierste, Phys. Lett. B 576 173 (2003)

    Google Scholar 

  288. M. Ciuchini, E. Franco, V. Lubicz, F. Mescia, C. Tarantino, JHEP 0308 031 (2003)

  289. OPAL Collaboration (G. Abbiendi et al. ), Eur. Phys. J. C12, 609 (2000)

  290. CLEO Collaboration (D.E. Jaffe et al. ), Phys. Rev. Lett. 86, 5000 (2001)

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  291. ALEPH Collaboration (R. Barate et al. ), Eur. Phys. J. C20, 431 (2001)

  292. BABAR Collaboration (B. Aubert et al. ), Phys. Rev. Lett. 88, 231801 (2002)

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  293. BABAR Collaboration (B. Aubert et al. ), Phys. Rev. Lett. 92, 181801 (2004)

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  294. G.C. Branco, F. Cagarrinho, F. Krüger, Phys. Lett. B459 224, (1999)

  295. M. Ciuchini, G. Degrassi, P. Gambino, G.F. Giudice, Nucl. Phys. B534, 3 (1998); A. Ali, D. London, Eur. Phys. J. C9, 687 (1999); A. Ali, D. London Phys. Rept. 320, 79 (1999; A.J. Buras, P. Gambino, M. Gorbahn, S. Jager, L. Silvestrini, Phys. Lett. B500, 161 (2001); A. J. Buras, P. Gambino, M. Gorbahn, S. Jager, L. Silvestrini, Nucl. Phys. B592, 55 (2001); A. J. Buras, R. Buras, Phys. Lett. B501, 223 (2001); A. J. Buras, R. Fleischer, Phys. Rev. D64, 115010 (2001); S. Bergmann, G. Perez, Phys. Rev. D64, 115009 (2001)

    Google Scholar 

  296. For recent references see, e.g., Y. Grossman, Int. J. Mod. Phys. A19, 907 (2004); M. Neubert, CLNS-04-1878 [hep-ph/0405105] (2004)

  297. C.W. Chiang, J. Rosner, Phys. Rev. D68, 014007 (2003)

  298. Y. Grossman, G. Isidori, M.P. Worah, Phys. Rev. D58, 057504 (1998); R. Fleischer, T. Mannel, Phys. Lett. B511, 240 (2001); M. Ciuchini, L. Silvestrini, Phys. Rev. Lett. 89, 231802 (2002); see also [300]

    Google Scholar 

  299. Y. Grossman, A.L. Kagan, Z. Ligeti Phys. Lett. B538, 327 (2002)

  300. G. Hiller, Phys. Rev. D66, 071502 (2002)

  301. V. Barger, C.-W. Chiang, P. Langacker, H.-S. Lee, Phys. Lett. B580, 186 (2004); N.G. Deshpande, D. K. Ghosh, OITS-742 [hep-ph/0311332] (2003)

  302. G. D’Agostini, CERN-EP-99-139 [hep-ex/9910036] (1999)

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to J. Charles.

Additional information

Received: 13 July 2004, Published online: 12 April 2005

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Charles, J., Höcker, A., Lacker, H. et al. CP violation and the CKM matrix: assessing the impact of the asymmetric B factories. Eur. Phys. J. C 41, 1–131 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s2005-02169-1

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s2005-02169-1

Keywords

Navigation