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Evidence of forward–backward correlation of pions in ultra-relativistic ring- and jet-like events in \(^{16}O-Ag/Br\) interactions at \(E_{lab}=60\) A GeV

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Abstract

An investigation on the presence of the forward–backward correlations in the pions multiplicity, emitted in \(^{16}O-Ag/Br\) interactions at energy \(E_{lab} \)= 60 A GeV are carried out. The study of the forward–backward correlation between various observables which is separated by two different pseudorapidity intervals can be treated as an important probe to defining the primordial conditions for the formation of the Quark Gluon Plasma (QGP). We have observed the dependency of correlation fluctuations and correlation strength on pseudorapidity (\(\eta \)) and the increasing width of the pseudorapidity bin size \(\varDelta \eta \). The roughness of the multiplicities and the particle number deviations are also investigated. The nuclear photographic emulsion technique has been employed to collect the experimental data. We have performed the FRITIOF and Ultra-relativistic Quantum Molecular Dynamics (UrQMD) simulations to compare the experimental results with the simulated results. The analysis strongly indicates the presence of forward–backward correlations in the experimental distributions of pions beyond statistical noise. We have also analyzed the ring- and jet-like structure to confirm the presence of the forward–backward correlations in the multiplicities of \(^{16}O-Ag/Br\) interactions at 60 A GeV. We have also taken the variations of correlation fluctuations and correlation strength in \(\eta \) and \(\varDelta \eta \) space, respectively for the ring-like and jet-like structure. The average behavior of correlation parameters of ring-like events strongly differs from jet-like events due to expected Cherenkov Gluon radiation.

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Data Availability Statement

This manuscript has associated data in a data repository. [Authors’ comment: In this paper the simulated data has been generated by FRITIOF and UrQMD simulation method. All data generated or analysed during this study are included in this published article. The experimental data used in the present study was published by EPL, 80, 22003 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1209/0295-5075/80/22003.]

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Acknowledgements

The authors heartily acknowledge the anonymous learned reviewer for his valuable comments on the paper which make it more accurate and readable. The authors also express their deepest gratitude to Prof. D. Ghosh of Deepa Ghosh Research Foundation, Kolkata 700031, India, Prof. Argha Deb of Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India and Amitava Mukhopadhyay of the University of North Bengal for all kinds of supports and encouragement. One of the authors (A.Ahmed) gratefully acknowledges the financial help sanctioned by the G.O. No. 52-Edn(B)/5B-15/2017 dt. 7.6.2017 read with 65-Edn(B)/5-15/2017 dt. 11.7.2017 for Swami Vivekananda Merit-cum-Means Scholarship, Government of West Bengal, India.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Physics, Cooch Behar Panchanan Barma University, Panchanan Nagar, Vivekananda Street, Cooch Behar, 736101, India

    Azharuddin Ahmed, Nirpat Subba, Shreya Bhattacharjee & Prabir Kr. Haldar

  2. Egyptian Center for Theoretical Physics (ECTP), Nile University, Juhayna Square of 26th-July-Corridor, Giza, 12588, Egypt

    Abdel Nasser Tawfik

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  1. Azharuddin Ahmed
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Ahmed, A., Subba, N., Bhattacharjee, S. et al. Evidence of forward–backward correlation of pions in ultra-relativistic ring- and jet-like events in \(^{16}O-Ag/Br\) interactions at \(E_{lab}=60\) A GeV. Eur. Phys. J. A 57, 322 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1140/epja/s10050-021-00635-0

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