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The \(^3\)He+\(^5\)He\(\rightarrow \) \(\alpha \)+\(\alpha \) reaction below the Coulomb barrier via the Trojan Horse Method

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Abstract

For the first time in an application to nuclear astrophysics, a process induced by the unstable \(^5\)He = (\(^4\)He-n) nucleus, the \(^3\)He+\(^5\)He\(\rightarrow \)2\(\alpha \) reaction, has been studied through the Trojan Horse Method (THM). For that purpose, the quasi-free (QF) contribution of the \(^9\)Be(\(^3\)He,\(\alpha \alpha \))\(^4\)He reaction was selected at \(E_{^{3}\text{ He }}=4\) MeV incident energy. The reaction was studied in a kinematically complete experiment following a recent publication (Spitaleri et al. in Eur Phys J A 56:18, 2020), where for the quasi free contribution the momentum distribution between \(\alpha \) and \(^5\)He particle cluster in the \(^9\)Be nucleus in the ground state have been extracted. The angular distribution of the QF \(^3\)He+\(^5\)He\(\rightarrow \)2\(\alpha \) reaction was measured at \(\theta _{cm}\) = 78\(^{\circ }\)–115\(^{\circ }\). The energy dependence of the differential cross section of the \(^3\)He+\(^5\)He\( \rightarrow \)2\(\alpha \) virtual reaction was extracted in the energy range \(E_{cm}\) = 0–650 keV. The total cross section obtained from the Trojan-horse method was normalized to absolute cross sections from a theoretical calculation in the energy range \(E_{cm}\) =300–620 keV.

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Data Availability Statement

This manuscript has no associated data or the data will not be deposited. [Authors’ comment: All data generated during this study are contained in this published article (or reference therein).]

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Acknowledgements

C.A.B. was partially supported by the U.S. DOE Grant No. DE-FG02-08ER41533 and funding contributed by the LANL Collaborative Research Program by the Texas A&M System National Laboratory Office and Los Alamos National Laboratory. A.M.M. acknowledges support from the U.S. DOE Grant No. DE-FG02-93ER40773 and NNSA Grant No. DENA 0003841. S.T. is grateful for the support from the LNS during a stay in January 2020 that initiated the theoretical calculation, T.K. was partially supported by Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research of JSPS (20K03958, 17K05459). This work has been partially supported by the Italian Ministry of University (MIUR) under grant LNS - Astrofisica Nucleare (fondi premiali) and by PON RI 2014-2020 - AIM (Attraction and International Mobility), project AIM1848704-3, by the Croatian Science Foundation under project no.7194 and project n\(_o\).P-2018-01-1257 and in part by the Scientific Centre of excellence for advance materials and sensor in Zagreb AIM (Attraction and International Mobility), project AIM1848704-3

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. INFN, Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, via S. Sofia 62, 95123, Catania, Italy

    C. Spitaleri, M. Lattuada, S. Messina, G. L. Guardo, S. S. Perrotta, M. Gulino, M. La Cognata & D. Lattuada

  2. Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia “Ettore Majorana”, Universitá degli Studi di Catania, Catania, Italy

    C. Spitaleri, M. Lattuada & S. S. Perrotta

  3. Technische Universität Darmstadt, Fachbereich Physik, Institut für Kernphysik, Darmstadt, Germany

    S. Typel

  4. GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany

    S. Typel

  5. Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University-Commerce, Commerce, TX, 75429, USA

    C. A. Bertulani

  6. Cyclotron Institute, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA

    A. M. Mukhamedzhanov

  7. National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, Mitaka, Tokyo, 181-8588, Japan

    T. Kajino

  8. Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan

    T. Kajino

  9. School of Physics, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, People’s Republic of China

    T. Kajino

  10. Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia

    A. Cvetinović

  11. Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia

    N. Soić, P. Čolović, D. Dell’Aquila, R. Popočovski, N. Skukan, S. Szilner, M. Uroić & N. Vukman

  12. Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia

    M. Milin & D. Nurkić

  13. Departamento de Física Atómica, Molecular y Nuclear, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain

    S. S. Perrotta

  14. Beijing Radiation Center, Beijing Academic of Science and Technology, Beijing, China

    Chengbo Li

  15. Department of Nuclear Reactions, Nuclear Physics Institute of CAS, Prague, Czech Republic

    G. D’Agata

  16. Materials Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94702, USA

    C. G. Fatuzzo

  17. Facoltá di Ingegneria e Architettura, Universitá degli Studi di Enna “Kore”, Enna, Italy

    M. Gulino & D. Lattuada

  18. Key Laboratory of High Precision Nuclear Spectroscopy, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China

    S. Q. Hou

  19. INFN Sezione di Perugia, Perugia, Italy

    O. Trippella

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  1. C. Spitaleri
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  2. S. Typel
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Correspondence to C. Spitaleri.

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Spitaleri, C., Typel, S., Bertulani, C.A. et al. The \(^3\)He+\(^5\)He\(\rightarrow \) \(\alpha \)+\(\alpha \) reaction below the Coulomb barrier via the Trojan Horse Method. Eur. Phys. J. A 57, 20 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1140/epja/s10050-020-00324-4

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