Abstract
The thermodynamic quantities of the ideal gas of hadrons and the \((2+1)\)-flavor lattice QCD scaled by the effective degeneracy factors of the corresponding models are compared. We have found that in terms of the scaled variables the quark-hadron duality of the lattice QCD and the hadron resonance gas (HRG) model disappears. However, we have revealed that the scaled variables lead to the quark-hadron duality of the lattice QCD and the quantum ideal gas of kaons and antikaons, namely, the ideal gas of those hadrons that contain all the three quarks u, d, s and their antiquarks. Satisfactory agreement between the scaled results of the kaon ideal gas and the lattice QCD data is achieved at large values of the volume in the entire temperature range. In the ideal gas of kaons there is no any phase transition. Nevertheless, in our calculations the scaled thermodynamic quantities of the ideal gas and the lattice QCD follow the same qualitative behavior and are consistent with each other especially at high temperatures in the perturbative region and the Stefan–Boltzmann limit.
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This manuscript has no associated data or the data will not be deposited. [Authors’ comment: There is no data to analyze.]
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Acknowledgements
This work was supported in part by the joint research project of JINR and IFIN-HH. I am indebted to T. Bhattacharyya, J. Cleymans, S. Mogliacci, A.S. Sorin and O.V. Teryaev for fruitful discussions. I am also grateful to M. Ilgenfritz for the discussions related to the lattice QCD.
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Communicated by Xin-Nian Wang.
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Parvan, A.S. Scaled variables and the quark-hadron duality. Eur. Phys. J. A 56, 192 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1140/epja/s10050-020-00203-y
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1140/epja/s10050-020-00203-y