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Fluctuations, criticality and nonequilibrium effect of the QCD matter

  • Regular Article –Theoretical Physics
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Abstract

The multiplicity distributions of net-baryon number fluctuation in the first-order chiral phase transition associated with the nonequlibrium effect are investigated within the improved Polyakov–Nambu–Jona–Lasinio model. Compared with the idealized first-order transition in equilibrium, the calculation indicates that the density fluctuations in the metastable and unstable regions are more violent, which possibly affects the statistical distributions of density fluctuation in later stage of an expanding system. Signals induced by the first-order phase transition and those from the nonequilibrium effect are discussed in detail, which could be exploited to identify the first-order phase transition. Besides, the critical exponents of the thermodynamic quantities at both the critical end point and spinodal boundary are investigated.

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Data Availability Statement

This manuscript has no associated data or the data will not be deposited. [Authors’ comment: There are no external data associated with the manuscript.]

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank Yu-xin Liu and Wei-jie Fu for fruitful discussion. This work is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No. 11875213 and the Natural Science Basic Research Plan in Shaanxi Province of China (Program No. 2019JM-050).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Science, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710049, Shaanxi, China

    Guo-yun Shao, Xue-yan Gao & Wei-bo He

  2. MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710049, China

    Guo-yun Shao

Authors
  1. Guo-yun Shao
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  2. Xue-yan Gao
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  3. Wei-bo He
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Correspondence to Guo-yun Shao.

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Communicated by Rishi Sharma.

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Shao, Gy., Gao, Xy. & He, Wb. Fluctuations, criticality and nonequilibrium effect of the QCD matter. Eur. Phys. J. A 56, 115 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1140/epja/s10050-020-00130-y

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