Abstract.
An analytical solution of the QCD evolution equations for the singlet and gluon distribution is presented. We decouple DGLAP evolution equations into the initial conditions by using a Laplace transform method at NnLO analysis. The relationship between the nonlinear behavior and color dipole model is considered based on an effective exponent behavior at low x values. We obtain the effective exponent at NLO analysis from the decoupled behavior of the distribution functions. The proton structure function compared with HERA data from the inclusive structure function \( F_{2}(x,Q^{2})\) for \( x \leq 10^{-2}\) and \( 5 \leq Q^{2} \leq 250\) GeV2.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
V.N. Gribov, L.N. Lipatov, Sov. J. Nucl. Phys. 15, 438 (1972)
G. Altarelli, G. Parisi, Nucl. Phys. B 126, 298 (1977)
Y.L. Dokshitzer, Sov. Phys. JETP 46, 641 (1977)
M. Klein, Ann. Phys. 528, 138 (2016)
P. Kostka et al., Pos DIS2013, 256 (2013)
L. Han et al., Phys. Lett. B 771, 106 (2017)
L. Han et al., Phys. Lett. B 768, 241 (2017)
Yao-Bei Liu, Nucl. Phys. B 923, 312 (2017)
E. Gotsman et al., Nucl. Phys. B 539, 535 (1999)
K.J. Eskola et al., Nucl. Phys. B 660, 211 (2003)
L.V. Gribov, E.M. Levin, M.G. Ryskin, Phys. Rep. 100, 1 (1983)
A.H. Mueller, J. Qiu, Nucl. Phys. B 268, 427 (1986)
B. Rezaei, G.R. Boroun, Phys. Lett. B 692, 247 (2010)
G.R. Boroun, Eur. Phys. J. A 42, 251 (2009)
G.R. Boroun, Eur. Phys. J. A 43, 335 (2010)
P. Phukan, arXiv:hep-ph/1705.06092
M. Lalung, arXiv:hep-ph/1702.05291
M. Devee, J.K. Sarma, Eur. Phys. J. C 74, 2751 (2014)
M. Devee, J.K. Sarma, Nucl. Phys. B 885, 571 (2014)
G.R. Boroun, S. Zarrin, Eur. Phys. J. Plus 128, 119 (2013)
B. Rezaei, G.R. Boroun, Eur. Phys. J. C 73, 2412 (2013)
G.R. Boroun, B. Rezaei, Eur. Phys. J. C 72, 2221 (2012)
G.R. Boroun, B. Rezaei, Phys. At. Nucl. 71, 1077 (2008)
Martin M. Block et al., Eur. Phys. J. C 69, 425 (2010)
Martin M. Block et al., Phys. Rev. D 84, 094010 (2011)
Martin M. Block et al., Phys. Rev. D 88, 014006 (2013)
F. Taghavi-Shahri et al., Eur. Phys. J. C 71, 1590 (2011)
S. Shoeibi et al., Phys. Rev. D 97, 074013 (2018)
H. Khanpour, A. Mirjalili, S. Atashbar Tehrani, Phys. Rev. C 95, 035201 (2017)
A. Vogt, S. Moch, J.A.M. Vermaseren, Nucl. Phys. B 691, 129 (2004)
C.D. White, R.S. Thorne, Eur. Phys. J. C 45, 179 (2006)
B.G. Shaikhatdenov, A.V. Kotikov, V.G. Krivokhizhin, G. Parente, Phys. Rev. D 81, 034008 (2010)
K. Golec-Biernat, M. Wuesthoff, Phys. Rev. D 59, 014017 (1999)
K. Golec-Biernat, Acta. Phys. Pol. B 33, 2771 (2002)
A.D. Martin et al., Eur. Phys. J. C 63, 189 (2009)
H1 Collaboration (V. Andreev et al.), Eur. Phys. J. C 74, 2814 (2014)
H1 Collaboration (C. Adloff et al.), Eur. Phys. J. C 21, 33 (2001)
H1 Collaboration (C. Adloff et al.), Phys. Lett. B 520, 183 (2001)
M. Praszalowicz, T. Stebel, JHEP 03, 090 (2013)
T. Stebel, Phys. Rev. D 88, 014026 (2013)
H1 and ZEUS Collaboration (F.D. Aaron et al.), JHEP 01, 109 (2010)
H1 and ZEUS Collaboration (F.D. Aaron et al.), Eur. Phys. J. C 63, 625 (2009)
H1 and ZEUS Collaboration (F.D. Aaron et al.), Eur. Phys. J. C 64, 561 (2009)
M. Gluk, P. Jimenez-Delgado, E. Reya, Eur. Phys. J. C 53, 355 (2008)
A. Donnachie, P.V. Landshoff, Phys. Lett. B 550, 160 (2002)
A. Donnachie, P.V. Landshoff, Phys. Lett. B 533, 277 (2002)
M. Bonvini et al., Eur. Phys. J. C 76, 597 (2016)
V.P. Goncalves, M.V.T. Machado, Phys. Rev. Lett. 91, 202002 (2003)
L. Motyka, arXiv:0809.4191v1 (2008)
H. Kowalski et al., Eur. Phys. J. C 77, 777 (2017)
Z. Jalilian, G.R. Boroun, Phys. Lett. B 773, 455 (2017)
E. Avsar, G. Gustafson, JHEP 04, 067 (2007)
E. Iancu et al., Phys. Lett. B 590, 199 (2004)
J.R. Forshaw, G. Shaw, JHEP 12, 052 (2004)
H1 and ZEUS Collaboration (H. Abramowicz et al.), Eur. Phys. J. C 73, 2311 (2013)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Communicated by Xin-Nian Wang
Data Availability Statement
This manuscript has no associated data or the data will not be deposited. [Authors’ comment: All data generated during this study are contained in this published article.]
Publisher’s Note
The EPJ Publishers remain neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Rezaei, B., Boroun, G.R. The behavior of the structure function by using the effective exponent at low x . Eur. Phys. J. A 55, 66 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1140/epja/i2019-12734-2
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1140/epja/i2019-12734-2