Abstract.
Experimental results of the rapidity spectra of protons and net-protons (protons minus antiprotons) emitted in gold-gold (Au-Au) and lead-lead (Pb-Pb) collisions, measured by a few collaborations at the alternating gradient synchrotron (AGS), super proton synchrotron (SPS), and relativistic heavy ion collider (RHIC), are described by a three-source distribution. The values of the distribution width \(\sigma_{C}\) and fraction \(k_{C}\) of the central rapidity region, and the distribution width \(\sigma_{F}\) and rapidity shift \(\Delta y\) of the forward/backward rapidity regions, are then obtained. The excitation function of \(\sigma_{C}\) increases generally with increase of the center-of-mass energy per nucleon pair \(\sqrt{s_{NN}}\). The excitation function of \(\sigma_{F}\) shows a saturation at \(\sqrt{s_{NN}}=8.8\) GeV. The excitation function of \(k_{C}\) shows a minimum at \(\sqrt{s_{NN}}=8.8\) GeV and a saturation at \(\sqrt{s_{NN}} \approx 17\) GeV. The excitation function of \(\Delta y\) increases linearly with \(\ln(\sqrt{s_{NN}})\) in the considered energy range.
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Gao, LN., Liu, FH., Sun, Y. et al. Excitation functions of parameters extracted from three-source (net-)proton rapidity distributions in Au-Au and Pb-Pb collisions over an energy range from AGS to RHIC. Eur. Phys. J. A 53, 61 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1140/epja/i2017-12252-3
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1140/epja/i2017-12252-3