Abstract.
The number of constituent quarks (NCQ) scaling for hadrons and the number of constituent nucleons (NCN) scaling for light nuclei are proposed for nuclear modification factors (\(R_{cp}\)) of hadrons and light nuclei, respectively, according to the experimental investigations in relativistic heavy-ion collisions. Based on the coalescence mechanism the scalings are performed for pions and protons at the quark level, and for light nuclei \(d(\bar{d})\) and 3He at the nucleonic level, respectively, formed in Au+Au and Pb+Pb collisions, and a nice scaling behaviour emerges. The NCQ or NCN scaling law of \(R_{cp}\) can be, respectively, taken as a probe for the quark or nucleon coalescence mechanism for the formation of hadron or light nuclei in relativistic heavy-ion collisions.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
F. Karsch, Nucl. Phys. A 698, 199c (2002)
BRAHMS Collaboration (I. Arsene et al.), Nucl. Phys. A 757, 1 (2005)
PHOBOS Collaboration (B.B. Back et al.), Nucl. Phys. A 757, 28 (2005)
STAR Collaboration (J. Adames et al.), Nucl. Phys. A 757, 102 (2005)
PHENIX Collaboration (S.S. Adler et al.), Nucl. Phys. A 757, 184 (2005)
J. Tian, J.H. Chen, Y.G. Ma, X.Z. Cai, F. Jin, G.L. Ma, S. Zhang, C. Zhong, Phys. Rev. C 79, 067901 (2009)
N. Yu, F. Liu, K. Wu, Phys. Rev. C 90, 024913 (2014)
G.Y. Shao, M. Colonna, M. Di Toro, Y. Liu, B. Liu, Nucl. Sci. Tech. 24, 050523 (2013)
F.M. Liu, Nucl. Sci. Tech. 24, 050524 (2013)
Y. Hu, Z. Su, W. Zhang, Nucl. Sci. Tech. 24, 050522 (2013)
H. Wang, Z. Hou, X. Sun, Nucl. Sci. Tech. 25, 040502 (2014)
C.M. Ko, L.W. Chen, V. Greco, F. Li, Z.W. Lin, S. Plumari, T. Song, J. Xu, Nucl. Sci. Tech. 24, 050525 (2013)
C.M. Ko, F. Li, Nucl. Sci. Tech. 27, 140 (2016)
Y.J. Ye, J.H. Chen, Y.G. Ma, S. Zhang, C. Zhong, Phys. Rev. C 93, 044904 (2016)
Y.F. Xu, Y.J. Ye, J.H. Chen, Y.G. Ma, S. Zhang, C. Zhong, Nucl. Sci. Tech. 27, 87 (2016)
for the STAR Collaboration (B. Mohanty), J. Phys. G 38, 124023 (2011)
STAR Collaboration (B.I. Abelev et al.), Phys. Lett. B 655, 104 (2007)
G. Agakishiev et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 108, 072301 (2012)
STAR Collaboration (B.I. Abelev et al.), Science 328, 58 (2010)
STAR Collaboration (H. Agakishiev et al.), Nature 473, 353 (2011)
STAR Collaboration (J. Adams et al.), Phys. Rev. Lett. 92, 052302 (2004)
STAR Collaboration (B.I. Abelev), Phys. Rev. C 79, 034909 (2009)
P. Braun-Munzinger, J. Stachel, Nature 448, 302 (2007)
STAR Collaboration (J. Adams et al.), Phys. Rev. Lett. 91, 072304 (2003)
STAR Collaboration (J. Adams et al.), Phys. Rev. Lett. 91, 172302 (2003)
J.D. Bjorken, FERMILAB-PUB-82-59-THY and Erratum (unpublished)
X.N. Wang, M. Gyulassy, Phys. Rev. Lett. 68, 1480 (1992)
E. Wang, X.N. Wang, Phys. Rev. Lett. 87, 142301 (2001)
G.L. Ma, Y.G. Ma, S. Zhang et al., Phys. Lett. B 647, 122 (2007)
M. Nie, G. Ma, Nucl. Tech. 37, 100519 (2014) (in Chinese)
J.W. Cronin et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 31, 1426 (1973)
J.W. Cronin et al., Phys. Rev. D 11, 3105 (1975)
STAR Collaboration (S.P. Horvat et al.), J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. 446, 012017 (2013)
M. Lv, Y.G. Ma, G.Q. Zhang, J.H. Chen, D.Q. Fang, Phys. Lett. B 733, 105 (2014)
M. Lv, Y.G. Ma, G.Q. Zhang, J.H. Chen, D.Q. Fang, Nucl. Tech. 37, 100517 (2014) (in Chinese)
S.A. Voloshin, Nucl. Phys. A 715, 379c (2003)
R. Scheibl, U. Heinz, Phys. Rev. C 59, 1585 (1999)
STAR Collaboration (L. Adamczyk et al.), Phys. Rev. C 93, 021903(R) (2016)
ALICE Collaboration (B. Abelev et al.), Phys. Rev. C 88, 044909 (2013)
ALICE Collaboration (B. Abelev et al.), Phys. Lett. B 720, 52 (2013)
STAR Collaboration (B.I. Abelev et al.), Phys. Rev. Lett. 97, 152301 (2006)
ALICE Collaboration (B. Abelev et al.), Phys. Rev. Lett. 109, 252301 (2012)
ALICE Collaboration (B. Abelev et al.), Phys. Rev. C 88, 044910 (2013)
L. Xue, Y.G. Ma, J.H. Chen, S. Zhang, Phys. Rev. C 85, 064912 (2012)
N. Shah, Y.G. Ma, J.H. Chen, S. Zhang, Phys. Lett. B 754, 6 (2016)
T.Z. Yan, Y.G. Ma, Z.Z. Cai et al., Phys. Lett. B 638, 50 (2006)
Y.G. Ma et al., Nucl. Phys. A 787, 611c (2007)
STAR Collaboration (L. Adamczyk et al.), Phys. Rev. C 94, 034908 (2016)
Yongseok Oh, Che Ming Ko, Phys. Rev. C 76, 054910 (2007)
Lilin Zhu, Che Ming Ko, Xuejiao Yin, Phys. Rev. C 92, 064911 (2015)
NA49 Collaboration (T. Anticic et al.), Phys. Rev. C 69, 024902 (2004)
PHENIX Collaboration (S.S. Adler et al.), Phys. Rev. C 69, 034909 (2004)
PHENIX Collaboration (S.S. Adler et al.), Phys. Rev. Lett. 94, 122302 (2005)
ALICE Collaboration (J. Adam et al.), Phys. Rev. C 93, 024917 (2016)
J. Wang, Y.G. Ma, G.Q. Zhang, W.Q. Shen, Phys. Rev. C 90, 054601 (2014)
J. Wang, Y.G. Ma, G.Q. Zhang, W.Q. Shen, Nucl. Sci. Tech. 24, 030501 (2013)
STAR Collaboration (L. Adamczyk et al.), Nature 527, 345 (2015)
Z.Q. Zhang, Y.G. Ma, Nucl. Sci. Tech. 27, 152 (2016)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Communicated by Xin-Niang Wang
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Zhou, C.S., Ma, Y.G. & Zhang, S. Scaling of nuclear modification factors for hadrons and light nuclei. Eur. Phys. J. A 52, 354 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1140/epja/i2016-16354-0
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1140/epja/i2016-16354-0