Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

The scenario of two families of compact stars

Part 1. Equations of state, mass-radius relations and binary systems

  • Review
  • Published:
The European Physical Journal A Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract.

We present several arguments which favor the scenario of two coexisting families of compact stars: hadronic stars and quark stars. Besides the well-known hyperon puzzle of the physics of compact stars, a similar puzzle exists also when considering delta resonances. We show that these particles appear at densities close to twice saturation density and must be therefore included in the calculations of the hadronic equation of state. Such an early appearance is strictly related to the value of the L parameter of the symmetry energy that has been found, in recent phenomenological studies, to lie in the range \(40 < L < 62\) MeV. We discuss also the threshold for the formation of deltas and hyperons for hot and lepton-rich hadronic matter. Similarly to the case of hyperons, also delta resonances cause a softening of the equation of state, which makes it difficult to obtain massive hadronic stars. Quark stars, on the other hand, can reach masses up to \( 2.75 M_{\odot}\) as predicted by perturbative QCD calculations. We then discuss the observational constraints on the masses and the radii of compact stars. The tension between the precise measurements of high masses and the indications of the existence of very compact stellar objects (with radii of the order of 10km) is relieved when assuming that very massive compact stars are quark stars and very compact stars are hadronic stars. Finally, we discuss recent interesting measurements of the eccentricities of the orbits of millisecond pulsars in low mass X-ray binaries. The high values of the eccentricities found in some cases could be explained by assuming that the hadronic star, initially present in the binary system, converts to a quark star due to the increase of its central density.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. STAR Collaboration (J. Adams et al.), Nucl. Phys. A 757, 102 (2005) nucl-ex/0501009

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  2. P. Demorest, T. Pennucci, S. Ransom, M. Roberts, J. Hessels, Nature 467, 1081 (2010)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  3. J. Antoniadis, P.C. Freire, N. Wex, T.M. Tauris, R.S. Lynch et al., Science 340, 6131 (2013)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  4. H. Chen, M. Baldo, G.F. Burgio, H.J. Schulze, Phys. Rev. D 84, 105023 (2011) arXiv:1107.2497

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  5. L. Bonanno, A. Sedrakian, Astron. Astrophys. 539, A16 (2012) arXiv:1108.0559

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  6. J.L. Zdunik, P. Haensel, Astron. Astrophys. 551, A61 (2013) arXiv:1211.1231

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  7. A. Kurkela, E.S. Fraga, J. Schaffner-Bielich, A. Vuorinen, Astrophys. J. 789, 127 (2014) arXiv:1402.6618

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  8. S. Benic, D. Blaschke, D.E. Alvarez-Castillo, T. Fischer, S. Typel, Astron. Astrophys. 577, A40 (2015) arXiv:1411.2856

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  9. A. Drago, A. Lavagno, G. Pagliara, Phys. Rev. D 89, 043014 (2014) arXiv:1309.7263

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  10. N. Glendenning, S. Moszkowski, Phys. Rev. Lett. 67, 2414 (1991)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  11. J.M. Lattimer, Y. Lim, Astrophys. J. 771, 51 (2013) arXiv:1203.4286

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  12. M.B. Tsang et al., Phys. Rev. C 86, 015803 (2012)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  13. A.W. Steiner, M. Prakash, J.M. Lattimer, P.J. Ellis, Phys. Rep. 411, 325 (2005) nucl-th/0410066

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  14. A.W. Steiner, M. Hempel, T. Fischer, Astrophys. J. 774, 17 (2013) arXiv:1207.2184

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  15. A.R. Raduta, F. Gulminelli, M. Oertel, arXiv:1406.0395 (2014)

  16. J. Schaffner, C.B. Dover, A. Gal, C. Greiner, H. Stoecker, Phys. Rev. Lett. 71, 1328 (1993)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  17. J. Schaffner, I.N. Mishustin, Phys. Rev. C 53, 1416 (1996)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  18. E.E. Zabrodin, I.C. Arsene, J. Bleibel, M. Bleicher, L.V. Bravina et al., J. Phys. G 36, 064065 (2009)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  19. M. Hofmann, R. Mattiello, H. Sorge, H. Stoecker, W. Greiner, Phys. Rev. C 51, 2095 (1995)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  20. S. Bass, M. Gyulassy, H. Stoecker, W. Greiner, J. Phys. G 25, R1 (1999)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  21. A. Lavagno, Phys. Rev. C 81, 044909 (2010)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  22. A. Lavagno, D. Pigato, Phys. Rev. C 86, 024917 (2012)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  23. H. Huber, F. Weber, M. Weigel, C. Schaab, Int. J. Mod. Phys. E 7, 301 (1998) nucl-th/9711025

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  24. H. Xiang, G. Hua, Phys. Rev. C 67, 038801 (2003)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  25. Y. Chen, H. Guo, Y. Liu, Phys. Rev. C 75, 035806 (2007)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  26. Y. Chen, Y. Yuan, Y. Liu, Phys. Rev. C 79, 055802 (2009)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  27. T. Schurhoff, S. Schramm, V. Dexheimer, Astrophys. J. 724, L74 (2010)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  28. N. Glendenning, Astrophys. J. 293, 470 (1985)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  29. D. Kosov, C. Fuchs, B. Martemyanov, A. Faessler, Phys. Lett. B 421, 37 (1998)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  30. X.m. Jin, Phys. Rev. C 51, 2260 (1995)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  31. E. Oset, L. Salcedo, Nucl. Phys. A 468, 631 (1987)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  32. J. Koch, N. Ohtsuka, Nucl. Phys. A 435, 765 (1985)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  33. K. Wehrberger, C. Bedau, F. Beck, Nucl. Phys. A 504, 797 (1989)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  34. J. O’Connell, R. Sealock, Phys. Rev. C 42, 2290 (1990)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  35. W. Alberico, G. Gervino, A. Lavagno, Phys. Lett. B 321, 177 (1994)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  36. Y. Horikawa, M. Thies, F. Lenz, Nucl. Phys. A 345, 386 (1980)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  37. S. Nakamura, T. Sato, T.S. Lee, B. Szczerbinska, K. Kubodera, Phys. Rev. C 81, 035502 (2010) arXiv:0910.1057

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  38. A. Drago, A. Lavagno, G. Pagliara, D. Pigato, Phys. Rev. C 90, 065809 (2014) arXiv:1407.2843

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  39. B.J. Cai, F.J. Fattoyev, B.A. Li, W.G. Newton, Phys. Rev. C 92, 015802 (2015)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  40. B.A. Li, arXiv:1507.03279 (2015)

  41. J. Benlliure et al., JPS Conf. Proc. 6, 020039 (2015)

    Google Scholar 

  42. Z.X. Li, G.J. Mao, Y.Z. Zhuo, W. Greiner, Phys. Rev. C 56, 1570 (1997)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  43. S. Typel, G. Ropke, T. Klahn, D. Blaschke, H. Wolter, Phys. Rev. C 81, 015803 (2010) arXiv:0908.2344

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  44. B.J. Cai, F.J. Fattoyev, B.A. Li, W.G. Newton, Phys. Rev. C 92, 015802 (2015) arXiv:1501.01680

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  45. M. Prakash, I. Bombaci, M. Prakash, P.J. Ellis, J.M. Lattimer, R. Knorren, Phys. Rep. 280, 1 (1997) nucl-th/9603042

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  46. M. Buballa, Phys. Rep. 407, 205 (2005) hep-ph/0402234

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  47. A. Kurkela, P. Romatschke, A. Vuorinen, Phys. Rev. D 81, 105021 (2010) arXiv:0912.1856

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  48. E.S. Fraga, A. Kurkela, A. Vuorinen, Astrophys. J. 781, L25 (2014) arXiv:1311.5154

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  49. S. Weissenborn, I. Sagert, G. Pagliara, M. Hempel, J. Schaffner-Bielich, Astrophys. J. 740, L14 (2011)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  50. A. Zacchi, R. Stiele, J. Schaffner-Bielich, Phys. Rev. D 92, 4, 045022 (2015)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  51. M. van Kerkwijk, R. Breton, S. Kulkarni, Astrophys. J. 728, 95 (2011)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  52. H.J. Lü, B. Zhang, W.H. Lei, Y. Li, P.D. Lasky, Astrophys. J. 805, 89 (2015) arXiv:1501.02589

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  53. B. Metzger, D. Giannios, T. Thompson, N. Bucciantini, E. Quataert, Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 413, 2031 (2011)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  54. P.D. Lasky, B. Haskell, V. Ravi, E.J. Howell, D.M. Coward, Phys. Rev. D 89, 047302 (2014) arXiv:1311.1352

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  55. S. Guillot, M. Servillat, N.A. Webb, R.E. Rutledge, arXiv:1302.0023 (2013)

  56. S. Guillot, R.E. Rutledge, Astrophys. J. 796, L3 (2014) arXiv:1409.4306

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  57. J.M. Lattimer, A.W. Steiner, arXiv:1305.3242 (2013)

  58. C.O. Heinke et al., Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 444, 443 (2014) arXiv:1406.1497

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  59. F. Ozel, G. Baym, T. Guver, Phys. Rev. D 82, 101301 (2010) arXiv:1002.3153

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  60. L. Titarchuk, N. Shaposhnikov, Astrophys. J. 570, L25 (2002) astro-ph/0203432

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  61. N. Shaposhnikov, L. Titarchuk, Astrophys. J. 606, L57 (2004) astro-ph/0403488

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  62. N. Shaposhnikov, L. Titarchuk, F. Haberl, Astrophys. J. 593, L35 (2003) astro-ph/0307215

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  63. D.A. Leahy, S.M. Morsink, C. Cadeau, Astrophys. J. 672, 1119 (2008) astro-ph/0703287

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  64. S.M. Morsink, D.A. Leahy, Astrophys. J. 726, 56 (2011) arXiv:0911.0887 [astro-ph.HE]

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  65. S. Bogdanov, Astrophys. J. 762, 96 (2013) arXiv:1211.6113

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  66. J.P.W. Verbiest, M. Bailes, W. van Straten, G.B. Hobbs, R.T. Edwards, R.N. Manchester, N.D.R. Bhat, J.M. Sarkissian, B.A. Jacoby, S.R. Kulkarni, Astrophys. J. 679, 675 (2008) arXiv:0801.2589

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  67. V. Hambaryan, R. Neuhaeuser, V. Suleimanov, K. Werner, J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. 496, 012015 (2014)

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  68. D.A. Leahy, S.M. Morsink, Y.Y. Chung, Y. Chou, Astrophys. J. 691, 1235 (2009) arXiv:0806.0824 [astro-ph]

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  69. M. Burgay et al., Nature 426, 531 (2003) astro-ph/0312071

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  70. P. Podsiadlowski, J.D.M. Dewi, P. Lesaffre, J.C. Miller, W.G. Newton, J.R. Stone, Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 361, 1243 (2005) astro-ph/0506566

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  71. F.S. Kitaura, H.T. Janka, W. Hillebrandt, Astron. Astrophys. 450, 345 (2006) astro-ph/0512065

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  72. B. Knispel et al., Astrophys. J. 806, 140 (2015) arXiv:1504.03684

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  73. P.C.C. Freire, T.M. Tauris, Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 438, 86 (2014) arXiv:1311.3478

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  74. L. Jiang, X.D. Li, J. Dey, M. Dey, Astrophys. J. 807, 41 (2015) arXiv:1505.04644

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  75. J. Rikovska-Stone, P.A.M. Guichon, H.H. Matevosyan, A.W. Thomas, Nucl. Phys. A 792, 341 (2007)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  76. M. Oertel, A.F. Fantina, J. Novak, Phys. Rev. C 85, 055806 (2012)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  77. G. Colucci, A. Sedrakian, Phys. Rev. C 87, 055806 (2013)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  78. L.L. Lopes, D.P. Menezes, Phys. Rev. C 89, 2, 025805 (2014)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  79. S. Banik, M. Hempel, D. Bandyopadhyay, Astrophys. J. Suppl. 214, 22 (2014)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  80. E.N.E. van Dalen, G. Colucci, A. Sedrakian, Phys. Lett. B 734, 383 (2014)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  81. T. Katayama, K. Saito, arXiv:1410.7166 [nucl-th]

  82. M. Oertel, C. Providência, F. Gulminelli, A.R. Raduta, J. Phys. G 42, 075202 (2015)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  83. S. Weissenborn, D. Chatterjee, J. Schaffner-Bielich, Phys. Rev. C 85, 065802 (2012)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  84. S. Weissenborn, D. Chatterjee, J. Schaffner-Bielich, Nucl. Phys. A 881, 62 (2012) arXiv:1111.6049

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  85. I. Bednarek, P. Haensel, J. Zdunik, M. Bejger, R. Manka, arXiv:1111.6942 (2011)

  86. M. Baldo, G. Burgio, H. Schulze, Phys. Rev. C 61, 055801 (2000) nucl-th/9912066

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  87. I. Vidana, D. Logoteta, C. Providencia, A. Polls, I. Bombaci, EPL 94, 11002 (2011) arXiv:1006.5660

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  88. H. Djapo, B.J. Schaefer, J. Wambach, Phys. Rev. C 81, 035803 (2010) arXiv:0811.2939

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  89. D. Lonardoni, A. Lovato, S. Gandolfi, F. Pederiva, Phys. Rev. Lett. 114, 092301 (2015)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  90. Y. Yamamoto, T. Furumoto, N. Yasutake, T.A. Rijken, Phys. Rev. C 90, 045805 (2014)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  91. D. Psaltis, F. Özel, D. Chakrabarty, Astrophys. J. 787, 136 (2014)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  92. A. Bauswein, N. Stergioulas, H.T. Janka, arXiv:1508.05493 (2015)

  93. R.B. Wiringa, V. Fiks, A. Fabrocini, Phys. Rev. C 38, 1010 (1988)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  94. J. Madsen, Phys. Rev. D 71, 014026 (2005)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  95. STAR Collaboration (B.I. Abelev et al.), Phys. Rev. C 76, 011901 (2007) nucl-ex/0511047

    Article  Google Scholar 

  96. C. Greiner, P. Koch, H. Stoecker, Phys. Rev. Lett. 58, 1825 (1987)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  97. D.M. Jacobs, G.D. Starkman, B.W. Lynn, Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 450, 3418 (2015) arXiv:1410.2236

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  98. L. Paulucci, J.E. Horvath, Phys. Lett. B 733, 164 (2014) arXiv:1405.1777

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  99. K. Han, J. Ashenfelter, A. Chikanian, W. Emmet, L.E. Finch, A. Heinz, J. Madsen, R.D. Majka, B. Monreal, J. Sandweiss, Phys. Rev. Lett. 103, 092302 (2009) arXiv:0903.5055

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  100. A. Bauswein, H.T. Janka, R. Oechslin, G. Pagliara, I. Sagert et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 103, 011101 (2009)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  101. J.L. Friedman, R.R. Caldwell, Phys. Lett. B 264, 143 (1991)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Dip. di Fisica e Scienze della Terra dell’Università di Ferrara and INFN Sez. di Ferrara, Via Saragat 1, I-44100, Ferrara, Italy

    Alessandro Drago & Giuseppe Pagliara

  2. Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino and INFN, Sez. di Torino, I-10129, Torino, Italy

    Andrea Lavagno & Daniele Pigato

Authors
  1. Alessandro Drago
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Andrea Lavagno
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Giuseppe Pagliara
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Daniele Pigato
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Giuseppe Pagliara.

Additional information

Communicated by D. Blaschke

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Drago, A., Lavagno, A., Pagliara, G. et al. The scenario of two families of compact stars. Eur. Phys. J. A 52, 40 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1140/epja/i2016-16040-3

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1140/epja/i2016-16040-3

Keywords

Search

Navigation