Abstract.
The absolute cumulative yields of various fission products in the 12, 14, and 16 MeV bremsstrahlung-induced fission of 232Th were determined using a recoil catcher and an off-line \( \gamma\)-ray spectrometric technique using the ELBE electron linac of Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf in Dresden, Germany. The mass chain yields were obtained from the absolute cumulative yields by correcting the charge distribution. The peak-to-valley ratio, average light mass (\(\langle A_{L}\rangle\)) and heavy mass (\( \langle A_{H}\rangle\)) values, and average number of neutrons (\( \langle n\rangle_{exp}\)) in the bremsstrahlung-induced fission of 232Th at different excitation energies were obtained from the mass chain yield data. The present study and existing literature data for the 232Th(\(\gamma\), f) reaction are compared with similar data for the 238U(\(\gamma\), f) reaction at various excitation energies, and surprisingly different behavior was found in the two fissioning systems.
References
C. Wagemans, The Nuclear Fission Process (CRC, London, 1990)
R. Vandenbosch, J.R. Huizenga, Nuclear Fission (Academic, New York, 1973)
E.A.C. Crouch, At. Data Nucl. Data Tables 19, 417 (1977)
A.C. Wahl, At. Data Nucl. Data Tables 39, 1 (1988)
J.R. England, B.F. Rider, ENDF/B-6 FPY: The ENDF/B-6 fission-product yield sub-libraries, IAEA-NDS-106, 1995
M. James, R. Mills, Neutron fission products yields, UKFY2 1991, JEF-2.2 1993
M.A. Kellett, O. Bersillon, R.W. Mills, The JEFF-3.1/-3.1.1 radioactive decay data and fission yields sub-libraries, JEFF Report 20, NEA No. 6287, 2009
IAEA-EXFOR Data base, at http://www-nds.iaea.org/exfor
K.-H. Schmidt, S. Steinhäuser, C. Böckstiegel, A. Grewe, A. Heinz, A.R. Junghans, J. Benlliure, H.-G. Clerc, M. de Jong, J. Müller, M. Pfützner, B. Voss, Nucl. Phys. A 665, 221 (2000)
S. Steinhäuser, J. Benlliure, C. Bäckstiegel, H.-G. Clerc, A. Heinz, A. Grewe, M. de Jong, A.R. Junghans, J. Müller, M. Pfützner, K.-H. Schmidt, Nucl. Phys. A 634, 89 (1998)
J. Benlliure, A.R. Junghans, K.-H. Schmidt, Eur. Phys. J. A 13, 93 (2002)
D.M. Hiller, D.S. Martin, Jr., Phys. Rev. 90, 581 (1953)
L.H. Gevaert, R.E. Jervis, S.C. Subbarao, H.D. Sharma, Can. J. Chem. 48, 652 (1970)
B. Schrøder, G. Nydahl, B. Forkman, Nucl. Phys. A 143, 449 (1970)
A. Chattopadhyay, K.A. Dost, I. Krajbich, H.D. Sharma, J. Inorg. Nucl. Chem. 35, 2621 (1973)
J.C. Hogan, A.E. Richardson, J.L. Meason, H.L. Wright, Phys. Rev. C 16, 2296 (1977)
W. Gunther, K. Huber, U. Kneissl, H. Krieger, H.J. Maier, Z. Phys. A 295, 333 (1980)
M. Piessens, E. Jacobs, S. Pommé, D. De Frenne, Nucl. Phys. A 556, 88 (1993)
H. Naik, T.N. Nathaniel, A. Goswami, G.N. Kim, M.W. Lee, S.V. Suryanarayana, S. Ganesan, E.A. Kim, M.-H. Cho, K.L. Ramakumar, Phys. Rev. C 85, 024623 (2012)
H. Naik, A. Goswami, G.N. Kim, M.W. Lee, K.S. Kim, S.V. Suryanarayana, E.A. Kim, M.-H. Cho, Phys. Rev. C. 86, 054607 (2012)
H. Naik, V.T. Nimje, D. Raj, S.V. Suryanarayana, A. Goswami, S. Singh, S.N. Acharya, K.C. Mttal, S. Ganesan, P. Chandrachoodan, V.K. Manchanda, V. Venugopal, S. Banarjee, Nucl. Phys. A 853, 1 (2011)
R.A. Schmitt, N. Sugarman, Phys. Rev. 95, 1260 (1954)
H.G. Richter, C.D. Coryell, Phys. Rev. 95, 1550 (1954)
L. Katz, T.M. Kavanagh, A.G.W. Cameron, E.C. Bailey, J.W.T. Spinks, Phys. Rev. 99, 98 (1958)
J.L. Meason, P.K. Kuroda, Phys. Rev. 142, 691 (1966)
I.R. Willams, C.B. Fulmer, G.F. Dell, M.J. Engebretson, Phys. Lett. B 26, 140 (1968)
D. Swindle, R. Wright, K. Takahashi, W.H. Rivera, J.L. Meason, Nucl. Sci. Eng. 52, 466 (1973)
A. De Clercq, E. Jacobs, D. De Frenne, H. Thierens, P. D’hondt, A.J. Deruytter, Phys. Rev. C 13, 1536 (1976)
W.D. James, D.E. Adams, R.A. Sigg, J.T. Harvey, J.L. Meason, J.N. Beck, P.K. Kuroda, H.L. Wright, J.C. Hogan, J. Inorg. Nucl. Chem. 38, 1109 (1978)
H. Thierens, D. De Frenne, E. Jacobs, A. De Clercq, P. D’hondt, A.J. Deruytter, Phys. Rev. C 14, 1058 (1976)
E. Jacobs, H. Thierens, D. De Frenne, A. De Clercq, P. D’hondt, P. De Gelder, A.J. Deruytter, Phys. Rev. C 19, 422 (1979)
E. Jacobs, A. De Clercq, H. Thierens, D. De Frenne, P. D’hondt, P. De Gelder, A.J. Deruytter, Phys. Rev. C 20, 2249 (1979)
E. Jacobs, H. Thierens, D. De Frenne, A. De Clercq, P. D’hondt, P. De Gelder, A.J. Deruytter, Phys. Rev. C 21, 237 (1980)
A. Yamadera, T. Kase, T. Nakamura, in Proceedings of the International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology, Moto, Japan, 1988 (Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute, Tokai, Japan, 1988) p. 1147
S. Pommé, E. Jacobs, K. Persyn, D. De Frenne, K. Govaert, M.-L. Yoneama, Nucl. Phys. A 560, 689 (1993)
S. Pommé, E. Jacobs, M. Piessens, D. De Frenne, K. Persyn, K. Govaert, M.-L. Yoneama, Nucl. Phys. A 572, 237 (1994)
K. Persyn, E. Jacobs, S. Pommé, D. De Frenne, K. Govaert, M.-L. Yoneama, Nucl. Phys. A 615, 198 (1997)
A. Göök, M. Chernykh, C. Eckardt, J. Enders, P. von Neumann-Cosel, A. Oberstedt, S. Oberstedt, A. Richter, Nucl. Phys. A 851, 1 (2011)
H. Naik, Frédérick Carrel, G.N. Kim, Frédéric Laine, Adrien Sari, S. Normand, A. Goswami, Eur. Phys. J. A 49, 94 (2013)
M. Erhard, A.R. Junghans, C. Nair, R. Schwengner, R. Beyer, J. Klug, K. Kosev, A. Wagner, Phys. Rev. C 81, 034319 (2010)
R. Schwengner, R. Beyer, F. Dönau, E. Grosse, A. Hartmann, A.R. Junghans, S. Mallion, G. Rusev, K.D. Schilling, W. Schulze, A. Wagner, Nucl. Instrum. Methods A 555, 211 (2005)
GEANT4 Collaboration (S. Agostinelli et al.), Nucl. Instrum. Methods A 506, 250 (2003)
A.I. Blokhin, A.S. Soldatov, Phys. At. Nucl. 72, 917 (2009)
J.T. Caldwell, E.J. Dowdy, B.L. Berman, R.A. Alvarez, P. Meyer, Phys. Rev. C 21, 1215 (1980)
M. Veyssiere, H. Bell, R. Bergere, P. Carlos, A. Lepretre, K. Kernbath, Nucl. Phys. A 199, 45 (1973)
A.J. Koning, S. Hilaire, M.C. Duijvestijn, AIP Conf. Proc. 769, 1154 (2005)
S. Bjornholm, J.E. Lynn, Rev. Mod. Phys. 52, 725 (1980)
R.B. Firestone, L.P. Ekstrom, Table of Radioactive Isotopes, Ver. 2.1, URL http://ie.lbl.gov/toi/ (2004)
J. Blachot, C. Fiche, Ann. Phys. Suppl. 6, 3 (1981)
K. Persyn, E. Jacobs, S. Pommé, D. De Frenne, K. Govaert, M.-L. Yoneama, Nucl. Phys. A 620, 171 (1997)
D. De Frenne, H. Thierens, B. Proot, E. Jacobs, P. De Gelder, A. De Clercq, W. Westmeier, Phys. Rev. C 26, 1356 (1982)
H. Naik, R.J. Singh, R.H. Iyer, Eur. Phys. J. A 16, 495 (2003)
H. Umezawa, S. Baba, H. Baba, Nucl. Phys. A 160, 65 (1971)
N. Sugarman, A. Turkevich, in Radiochemical Studies: The Fission Product, edited by C.D. Coryell, N. Sugarman, Vol. 3 (Mc Graw-Hill, New York, 1951) p. 1396
M. Strecker, R. Wein, P. Plischke, W. Scobel, Phys. Rev. C 41, 2172 (1990)
P. Möller, Nucl. Phys. A 192, 529 (1972)
M.L. Yoneama, E. Jacobs, J.D.T. Arruda-Neto, B.S. Bhandari, D. De Frenne, S. Pommè, K. Persyn, K. Govaert, Nucl. Phys. A 604, 263 (1996)
U. Brossa, S. Grossmann, A. Müller, Phys. Rep. 197, 167 (1990)
B.D. Wilkins, E.P. Steinberg, R.R. Chasman, Phys. Rev. C 14, 1832 (1976)
M. Haddad, J. Crancon, G. Lhospice, M. Asghar, J. Blachot, Radiochim. Acta 42, 165 (1987)
C. Agarwal, A. Goswami, P.C. Kalsi, S. Singh, A. Mhatre, A. Ramaswami, J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. 275, 445 (2008)
H. Nifenenecker, C. Signabieux, R. Babinet, J. Poitou Physics and Chemistry of fission, Vol. I (IAEA, Vienna, 1973) p. 17
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Communicated by H. Ströher
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Naik, H., Kim, G.N., Schwengner, R. et al. Fission product yield distribution in the 12, 14, and 16 MeV bremsstrahlung-induced fission of 232Th. Eur. Phys. J. A 51, 150 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1140/epja/i2015-15150-8
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1140/epja/i2015-15150-8