Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Mineral assemblages and genesis of hornfelses in the outer contact zone of the Khibina Massif, Kola Peninsula, Russia

  • Published:
Geochemistry International Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The paper presents materials on the fabric of the western, southwestern, and southern exocontact zones of the Khibina alkaline pluton and metavolcanic rocks of the Il’mozerskaya Formation of the Paleoproterozoic Imandra-Varzuga riftogenic structure. The volcanics of the Imandra-Varzuga structure were originally metamorphosed to the greenschist facies (at temperatures of ≥300°C and pressures of ≥2.0–2.5 kbar) and were afterward metamorphosed to the pyroxene-hornfels facies under the thermal effect the Khibina pluton with the development of a hornfels zone 150–400 m thick. According to their composition, the hornfelses are subdivided into three zones: inner, intermediate, and outer. The inner zone is up to 30 m thick and consists of hornfelses of clinopyroxene-plagioclase composition with olivine as a typomorphic mineral and with variable amounts of amphibole. The intermediate zone occurs at a distance of 30–200 m from the pluton, is separated from the inner zone by the olivine isograde, and consists of amphibole-clinopyroxene-plagioclase hornfelses. The outer zone, 200–400 m away from the contact of the pluton, is made of fine-grained melanocratic hornblende hornfelses. The thermal transformations of the metavolcanics involved the gradual replacement of their low-temperature mineral assemblage (actinolite + albite) by a higher temperature one (clinopyroxene + amphibole + andesinebytownite ± olivine). Our data on the chemical composition of the rock-forming minerals of the hornfelses indicate that the olivine is ferrohortonolite-fayalite, the clinopyroxene belongs to the augite-ferroaugite series, and occasional orthopyroxene grains (which were found only in the intermediate zone) are ferrohypersthene. The amphibole in the hornfelses of the intermediate zone and the outermost (farthest from the contact) part of the inner zone is edenite, a Ca amphibole. The amphibole in hornfelses near the contact is kataphorite of the Na-Ca amphibole group. The plagioclase composition generally corresponds to andesine and bytownite and is albite-oligoclase near the contact with the pluton. The hornfelses adjacent to the contact bear rare sanidine grains. The mineral thermo-and barometry of the hornfelses yielded temperatures of 700–640°C and pressures of 1–1.5 kbar. The temperature determined for the zone exactly at the contact was approximately 700°C, which corresponds to the initial temperature of the rocks in contact with the magma and is close to the crystallization temperature of the nepheline syenites of the Khibina pluton.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. U. Kramm, L. N. Kogarko, V. A. Kononova, and H. Vartiainen, “The Kola Alkaline Province of the CIS and Finland: Precise Rb-Sr Ages Define 380–360 Ma Age Range for All Magmatism,” Lithos 30, 33–44 (1993).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. V. N. Gorstka, Contact Zone of the Khibiny Alkaline Massif (Nauka, Leningrad, 1971) [in Russian].

    Google Scholar 

  3. Imandra-Varzuga Zone of the Karelides (Geology, Geochemistry, and Evolution), Ed. by G. I. Gorbunov (Nauka, Leningrad, 1982) [in Russian].

    Google Scholar 

  4. V. F. Smol’kin, “Magmatism of the Early Proterozoic (2.5–1.7 Ga) Rift System in the Northwestern Baltic Shield,” Petrologiya 5, 394–411 (1997) [Petrology 5, 350–365 (1997)].

    Google Scholar 

  5. T. B. Bayanova and V. V. Chashchin, “New Results of Radiological Dating of Felsic Metavolcanic Rocks of the Kislaya Guba and Seidorechka Formations,” in Proceedings of 1st All-Russia Paleovolcanological Symposium. Paleovolcanology, Volcanogenic-Sedimentary Lithogenesis, Hydrothermal Metamorphism, and Ore Formation in Precambrian, Petrozavodsk, Russia, 2001 (KarNTs RAN, Petrozavodsk, 2001), pp. 16–17 [in Russian].

    Google Scholar 

  6. V. S. Dokuchaeva, A. A. Zhangurov, and Zh. A. Fedotov, “Imandra Lopolith: A Newly Found Large Layered Intrusion at the Kola Peninsula,” Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR 265(5), 1231–1234 (1982).

    Google Scholar 

  7. Y. A. Balashov, T. B. Bayanova, and F. P. Mitrofanov, “Isotope Data on the Age and Genesis of Layered Basic-Ultrabasic Intrusions in the Kola Peninsula and Northern Karelia, Northeastern Baltic Shield,” Precambrian Res. 64(1/4), 197–205 (1993).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. T. B. Bayanova, N. V. Levkovich, and L. V. Ivanova, “Zircon-Baddeleyite Geochronological System in the Precambrian Rocks of the Kola Region,” in Proceedings of 9th Youth Conference on the Geology of the Baltic Shield and Other Precambrian Areas in Russia, Apatity, Russia, 1995 (KNTs RAN, Apatity, 1995), pp. 25–29 [in Russian].

    Google Scholar 

  9. Yu. V. Amelin, L. M. Heaman, and V. S. Semenov, “U-Pb Geochronology of Layered Mafic Intrusions in the Eastern Baltic Shield: Implications for the Timing and Duration of Paleoproterozoic Continental Rifting,” Precambrian Res. 75, 31–46 (1995).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. R. M. Galimzyanova, F. P. Mitrofanov, T. B. Bayanova, et al. “Origin and U-Pb Age of Granophyres of the Imandra Differentiated Intrusion, Kola Region,” Dokl. Akad. Nauk 363, 805–807 (1998) [Dokl. Earth Sci. 363, 1301–1303 (1998)].

    Google Scholar 

  11. T. B. Bayanova, R. M. Galinzyanova, and G. A. Fedotov, “Evidence of the Multiphase Complex History of the Imandra Lopolith,” in Proceedings of 6th Workshop of Svekalapko, Europrobe project, Lammi, Finland, 2001 (Oulu Univ., 2001).

  12. I. D. Batieva, I. V. Bel’kov, M. P. Kravchenko, et al., “Age of the Soustav Alkaline Massif at the Kola Peninsula,” Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR 270(4), 931–933 (1983).

    Google Scholar 

  13. A. A. Arzamastsev, F. Bea, L. V. Arzamastseva, and P. Montero, “Proterozoic Soustov Intrusion, Kola Peninsula: Model of the Formation of Alkaline Magmas with Anomalous Sr-Nd Isotope Characteristic due to Crust-Mantle Interaction,” in Transactions of Scientific School “Alkaline Magmatism of the Earth (GEOKhI RAN, Moscow, 2001), pp. 10–11 [in Russian].

    Google Scholar 

  14. I. S. Ozhinskii, “On the Geology of Western Contact of the Khibiny Alkaline Massif,” Izv. Leningradsk. Geol. Tr., No. 3 (1936).

  15. S. I. Zak, “Contact-Metasomatic Alterations near the Contact of the Khibiny Alkaline Massif,” in Magmatism and Geology of the Kola Peninsula (Kol’sk. Fil. AN SSSR, Apatity, 1963), pp. 45–55 [in Russian].

    Google Scholar 

  16. Khibiny Alkaline Massif, Ed. by N. A. Volotovskaya (Nedra, Leningrad, 1972) [in Russian].

    Google Scholar 

  17. G. T. R. Droop, “A General Equation for Estimating Fe3+ Concentrations in Ferromagnesian Silicates and Oxides from Microprobe Analyses, Using Stoichiometric Criteria,” Mineral. Mag. 51, 431–435 (1987).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. B. E. Leake, A. R. Wooley, C. E. S. Arps, et al., “Nomenclature of Amphiboles. Report of the Subcommittee on Amphiboles of the International Mineralogical Association Commission on New Minerals and Mineral Names,” Eur. J. Mineral. 9(3), 623–651 (1997).

    Google Scholar 

  19. R. Kretz, “Symbols for Rock Forming Minerals,” Am. Mineral. 68, 277–279 (1983).

    Google Scholar 

  20. L. P. Bondarenko and V. B. Dagelaiskii, Geology and Metamorphism of Archean Rocks in the Central Part of the Kola Peninsula (Nauka, Leningrad, 1968) [in Russian].

    Google Scholar 

  21. E. C. Simmons, D. H. Lindsley, and J. J. Papike, “Phase Relations and Crystallization Sequence in a Contact-Metamorphosed Rocks from the Gunflint Iron Formation, Minnesota,” J. Petrol. 15(3), 539–564 (1974).

    Google Scholar 

  22. D. T. Vaniman, J. J. Papike, and T. Labotka, “Contact Metamorphic Effect of the Stillwater Complex, Montana: the Concordant Iron Formation,” Am. Mineral. 65(11/12), 1087–1102 (1980).

    Google Scholar 

  23. M. J. Gole and C. Klein, “High Grade Metamorphic Archean Banded Iron Formations, Western Australia: Assemblages with Coexisting Pyroxenes + Fayalite,” Am. Mineral. 66(1/2), 87–99 (1981).

    Google Scholar 

  24. C. S. Haase, “Metamorphic Petrology of Negaunee Iron Formation, Marquette District, Northern Michigan: Mineralogy, Metamorphic Reactions, and Phase Equilibria,” Econom. Geol. 77, 60–81 (1982).

    Google Scholar 

  25. V. V. Reverdatto, Facies of Contact Metamorphism (Nedra, Leningrad, 1970) [in Russian].

    Google Scholar 

  26. C. Russ-Nabelek, “Isochemical Contact Metamorphism of Mafic Schist, Laramie Anorthosite Complex, Wyoming: Amphibole Compositions and Reactions,” Am. Mineral. 74, 530–548 (1989).

    Google Scholar 

  27. R. J. Tracy and B. R. Frost, “Phase Equilibria and Thermobarometry of Calcareous, Ultramafic and Mafic Rocks, and Iron Formations,” in Contact Metamorphism, Ed. D. M. Kerrick, Rev. Mineral. 26, 207–290 (1991).

  28. N. L. Dobretsov, Yu. N. Kochkin, A. P. Krivenko, and V. A. Kutolin, Rock-forming Pyroxenes (Nauka, Moscow, 1971) [in Russian].

    Google Scholar 

  29. V. I. Fonarev, Mineral Equilibria in Precambrian Iron Formations: Experimental, Thermodynamic, and Petrological Data (Nauka, Moscow, 1987) [in Russian].

    Google Scholar 

  30. L. L. Perchuk, Equilibria of Rock-Forming Minerals (Nauka, Moscow, 1970) [in Russian].

    Google Scholar 

  31. W. G. Ernst and J. Liu, “Experimental Phase-Equilibrium Study of Al and Ti Contents of Calcic Amphibole in MORB—A Semiquantitative Thermobarometer,” Am. Mineral. 83, 952–969 (1998).

    Google Scholar 

  32. A. V. Galakhov, Petrology of the Khibimy Alkaline Massif (Nauka, Leningrad, 1975) [in Russian].

    Google Scholar 

  33. G. N. Shablinskii, “Problem of Deep-Seated Structure of the Khibiny and Lovozero Plutons,” Tr. Leningrad. O-va Ispyt. Prir. 74(1), (1963).

  34. A. A. Arzamastsev, L. V. Arzamastseva, V. N. Glaznev, and A. B. Raevskii, “Petrologic-Geophysical Model for the Structure and Composition of Deep Levels of the Khibina and Lovozero Complexes, Kola Peninsula,” Petrologiya 6, 478–496 (1998) [Petrology 6, 434–450 (1998)].

    Google Scholar 

  35. L. N. Kogarko, Problems of Genesis of Agpaitic Magmas (Nedra, Moscow, 1977) [in Russian].

    Google Scholar 

  36. F. S. Spear, “An Experimental Study of Hornblende Stability and Compositional Variability in Amphibolite,” Am. J. Sci. 281, 697–734 (1981).

    Google Scholar 

  37. R. K. Popp, M. C. Gilbert, and J. R. Craig, “Stability of Mg-Fe Amphiboles with Respect to Oxygen Fugacity,” Am. Mineral. 62, 1–12 (1977).

    Google Scholar 

  38. T. Miyano and C. Klein, “Phase Relations of Orthopyroxene, Olivine and Grunerite in the High-Grade Metamorphic Iron-Formation,” Am. Mineral. 68, 699–716 (1983).

    Google Scholar 

  39. G. W. Bergantz, “Physical and Chemical Characterization of Plutons,” in Contact Metamorphism, Ed. by D. M. Kerrick, Rev. Mineral. 26, 13–42 (1991).

  40. T. Yu. Bazarova, Thermodynamic Conditions of the Formation of Some Nepheline-bearing Rocks (Nauka, Moscow, 1969) [in Russian].

    Google Scholar 

  41. L. N. Kogarko and B. P. Romanchev, “Temperature, Pressure, and Redox Conditions of Mineral Equilibria of Agpaitic Nepheline Syenites and Apatite-Nepheline Rocks,” Geokhimiya, No. 2, 199–216 (1977).

  42. G. L. Millhollen, “Melting of Nepheline Syenite with H2O + CO2, and the Effect of Dilution of the Aqueous Phase on the Beginning of Melting,” Am. J. Sci. 270, 244–254 (1971).

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. OAO Central Kola Expedition, ul. Komsomol’skaya 23, Monchegorsk, Murmansk oblast, 184511, Russia

    V. V. Chashchin

Authors
  1. V. V. Chashchin
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Additional information

Original Russian Text © V.V. Chashchin, 2007, published in Geokhimiya, 2007, No. 1, pp. 19–37.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Chashchin, V.V. Mineral assemblages and genesis of hornfelses in the outer contact zone of the Khibina Massif, Kola Peninsula, Russia. Geochem. Int. 45, 15–31 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1134/S0016702907010028

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S0016702907010028

Keywords

Search

Navigation