Abstract
Aim
To determine occlusion and occlusal characteristics of the primary dentition in North Indian school-going children of East Lucknow region.
Study design
A cross-sectional study was conducted on 453 participants in the age group of 3–6 years.
Methods
Participants were selected randomly and occlusal relationship was assessed based on Baume’s classification. Various other occlusal characteristics were also recorded and assessed based on clinical and photographic evaluation. The data were then subjected to statistical analysis.
Results
Out of 453 participants examined, results revealed 62.3 % had flush terminal plane; 31.3 % mesial step molar relationship and 6.4 % distal step molar relationship. It was also observed that 91.6 % had Class I canine relationship, 93.4 % primate spaces, 69.5 % physiologic spaces. Amongst other occlusal characteristics, increased overbite and crowding were prevalent. Association of various occlusal characteristics and oral habits with respect to primary molar relation was also assessed.
Statistics
Chi-square test was performed to carry out statistical analysis. p value <0.05 was taken as statistically significant.
Conclusion
It was found that flush terminal plane relationship with spacing and Class I canine relationship predominated. Further prospective studies are required to provide an insight into patterns of occlusal relationship and its changes in Indian children.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Abu Alhaija ES, Qudeimat MA. Occlusion and tooth/arch dimensions in the primary dentition of preschool Jordanian children. Int J Paediatr Dent. 2003;13(4):230–9.
Adair SM, Milano M, Lorenzo I, Russell C. Effects of current and former pacifier use on the dentition of 24- to 59-month-old children. Pediatr Dent. 1995;17(7):437–44.
Alamoudi N. The prevalence of crowding, attrition, midline discrepancies and premature tooth loss in the primary dentition of children in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. J Clin Pediatr Dent. 1999;24(1):53–8.
Baume LJ. Physiological tooth migration and its significance for the development of occlusion: I. The biogenetic course of deciduous dentition. J Dent Res. 1950;29:123–32.
Bishara SE, Hoppens BJ, Jakobsen JR, Kohout FJ. Changes in the molar relationship between the deciduous and permanent dentitions: a longitudinal study. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1988;93(1):19–28.
Bokyo DJ. The incidence of primate spaces in fifty 3 year old children of the Burlington Study. Am J Orthod. 1968;54(6):462–5.
Carvalho JC, Vinker F, Declerck D. Malocclusion, dental injuries and dental anomalies in the primary dentition of Belgian children. Int J Paediatr Dent. 1998;8(2):137–41.
Damle SG. Textbook of Pediatric Dentistry. 2nd edn; New Delhi: Arya 2002.
Dutra ALT, Berto PM, Vieira LDS, de Toledo OA. Longitudinal changes in the molar relationship from primary to permanent dentition. ConScientiae Saude. 2009;8(2):171–6.
Farsi NM, Salama FS. Characteristics of primary dentition occlusion in a group of Saudi children. Int J Paediatr Dent. 1996;6(4):253–9.
Farsi NM, Salama FS. Sucking habits in Saudi children: prevalence, contributing factors and effects on the primary dentition. Pediatr Dent. 1997;19(1):28–33.
Foster TD, Grundy MC. Occlusal changes from primary to permanent dentitions. Br J Orthod. 1986;13(4):187–93.
Foster TD, Hamilton MC. Occlusion in the primary dentition. Study of children at 21/2 to 3 years age. Br Dent J. 1969;126(2):76–9.
Hegde S, Panwar S, Bolar DR, Sanghavi MB. Characteristics of occlusion in primary dentition of preschool children of Udaipur, India. Eur J Dent. 2012;6(1):51–5.
Infante PF. An epidemologic study of deciduous molar relations in preschool children. J Dent Res. 1975;54(4):723–7.
Kabue MM, Moracha JK, Ng’ang’a PM. Malocclusion in children aged 3–6 years in Nairobi, Kenya. East Afr Med J. 1995;72(4):210–2.
Kaufman A, Koyoumdjisky E. Normal occlusal patterns in the deciduous dentition in preschool children in Israel. J Dent Res. 1967;46(3):478–82.
Kerosuo H, Laine T, Nyyssonen V, Honkala E. Occlusal characteristics in groups of Tanzanian and Finnish urban school children. Angle Orthod. 1991;61(1):49–56.
Malandris M, Mahoney EK. Aetiology, diagnosis and treatment of posterior crossbites in the primary dentition. Int J Pediatr Dent. 2004;14(3):155–66.
Moyers RE. Handbook of Orthodontics, 3rd edn. Chicago: Yearbook Medical Publishers; 1972.
Nanda RS, Khan I, Anand R. Age changes in the occlusal pattern of deciduous dentition. J Dent Res. 1973;52(2):221–4.
Otuyemi OD, Sote EO, Isiekwe MC, Jones SP. Occlusal relationships and spacing or crowding of teeth in the dentitions of 3–4-year-old Nigerian children. Int J Paediatr Dent. 1997;7(3):155–60.
Ravn JJ. Occlusion in the primary dentition in 3-year-old children. Scand J Dent Res. 1975;83(3):123–30.
Reddy BP, Rani MS, Santosh R, Shailaja AM. Incidence of malocclusion in deciduous dentition of Bangalore South population-India. IJCD. 2010;1(1):20–3.
Romero CC, Scavone-Junior H, Garib DG, Cotrim-Ferreira FA, Ferriera RI. Breastfeeding and non-nutritive sucking patterns related to the prevalence of anterior open bite in primary dentition. J Appl Oral Sci. 2011;19(2):161–8.
Suma G, Das UM. Crowding, spacing and closed dentition and its relationship with malocclusion in primary dentition. Int J Clin Dent Sci. 2010;1(1):16–9.
Tandon S. Textbook of Pedodontics. 2nd edn. Hyderabad: Paras; 2008. p. 109.
Tschill P, Bacon W, Sonko A. Malocclusion in the deciduous dentition of Caucasian children. Eur J Orthod. 1997;19(4):361–7.
Warren JJ, Bishara SE. Duration of nutritive and non-nutritive sucking behaviours and their effects on the dental arches in the primary dentition. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2002;121(4):347–56.
Yemitan TA, daCosta OO, Sanu OO, Iseikwe MC. Effects of digit sucking on dental arch dimensions in the primary dentition. Afr J Med Sci. 2010;39(1):55–61.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Khan, R., Singh, N., Govil, S. et al. Occlusion and occlusal characteristics of primary dentition in North Indian children of East Lucknow region. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent 15, 293–299 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40368-014-0113-4
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40368-014-0113-4