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Association Between Lifestyle and Systemic Arterial Hypertension in Young Adults: A National, Survey-Based, Cross-Sectional Study

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Abstract

Introduction

The prevalence of systemic arterial hypertension in young adults is increasing worldwide in association with modifiable risk factors.

Aim

To assess the prevalence of high blood pressure (BP) in young adults participating to a screening campaign during the World Hypertension Day (17/05/2014), and to determine the possible association with lifestyle factors.

Methods

493 individuals aged 18–35 years were selected in 13 Italian cities. All participants underwent BP measurement together with the administration of a questionnaire exploring: medical and drug history; traditional cardiovascular risk factors and diseases; dietary pattern; salt intake; sleep habits; mood disorders.

Results

High BP (≥140/90 mmHg) was found in 54 individuals, with a prevalence of 11 % and awareness of 28 %. Those with high BP values were more frequently men, reported a higher BMI and a greater use of corticosteroids and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and had a lower anxiety score. Concerning dietary habits, they were more likely to eat cheese/cold cuts ≥3 times/week, to have their meals out ≥1/day and to eat in fast foods ≥1/week. In the multiple logistic regression analysis, male sex [OR 3.19, 95 % CI (1.33–7.63)], BMI [OR 1.14 95 % CI (1.04–1.25)], eating in fast foods [OR 3.10 95 % CI (1.21–7.95)], and anxiety [OR 0.85 95 % CI (0.75–0.97)], were independently associated with high BP.

Conclusions

High BP values were found in 11 % young adults. Male sex, adiposity and alimentary habits were the main determinants of high BP values, indicating that young men are a suitable target for healthy lifestyle interventions.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Roma 67, 56123, Pisa, Italy

    Rosa Maria Bruno & Marina Di Pilla

  2. Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy

    Giacomo Pucci

  3. Department of Medical and Surgery Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy

    Martina Rosticci

  4. Biomedical Department of Internal Medicine, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy

    Laura Guarino & Chiara Guglielmo

  5. Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy

    Claudia Agabiti Rosei

  6. Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Turin, Italy

    Silvia Monticone

  7. Cardiovascular Department, IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milano, Milan, Italy

    Alessandra Giavarini & Chiara Lonati

  8. Department of Health Sciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy

    Camilla Torlasco

  9. Italian National Research Centre on Aging “U.Sestilli”, IRCCS-INRCA, Ancona, Italy

    Massimiliano Fedecostante

  10. University of Napoli, Naples, Italy

    Maria Virginia Manzi

  11. Department of Experimental and Clinical Medical Sciences, University of Udine, Udine, Italy

    Francesca Pezzutto

  12. Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genova, Genoa, Italy

    Nathan Artom

  13. Division of Cardiology, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sant’Andrea Hospital, University of Rome Sapienza, Rome, Italy

    Allegra Battistoni & Giulia Pignatelli

  14. Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padova, Padua, Italy

    Viola Sanga & Martino Francesco Pengo

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  1. Rosa Maria Bruno
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Correspondence to Rosa Maria Bruno.

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All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.

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Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.

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On behalf of the Young Investigators Group of the Italian Society of Arterial Hypertension.

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Bruno, R.M., Pucci, G., Rosticci, M. et al. Association Between Lifestyle and Systemic Arterial Hypertension in Young Adults: A National, Survey-Based, Cross-Sectional Study. High Blood Press Cardiovasc Prev 23, 31–40 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40292-016-0135-6

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