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Influence of multiple thermal cycles on microstructure of heat-affected zone in TIG-welded super duplex stainless steel

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Abstract

The influence of heat input and multiple welding cycles on the microstructure of the heat-affected zone in autogenously TIG-welded 6 mm 2507 type super duplex stainless steel plates was investigated. In order to produce multiple thermal cycles, one to four pass bead-on-plate welds were made with arc energies of 0.47 and 1.08 kJ/mm, corresponding to heat inputs of 0.37 and 0.87 kJ/mm. Several thermocouples were attached to record thermal cycles on the front and back sides of the plates. Finite element modelling was successfully done to map and correlate measured and calculated peak temperatures. Only minor changes were seen in the ferrite content at 1 and 2 mm from the fusion boundary. Nitrides formed in all passes of the low heat input samples in a region next to the fusion boundary, but only after the third and fourth passes of the high heat input samples. Sigma phase precipitated only in a zone heated to a peak temperature in the range of approximately 828 to 1028 °C. Multiple reheating was found to promote precipitation of sigma phase relatively more than slower cooling. A precipitation free zone was observed between the nitride and sigma phase bands. The precipitation behaviour could be understood from equilibrium phase diagrams, evaluation of local thermal cycles and by correlating results from the modelling and measurements of peak temperatures. It is suggested that the peak temperature, the accumulated time in the critical temperature range between approximately 828 and 1028 °C, and the number of thermal cycles are the most relevant criteria when evaluating the risk of sigma phase formation.

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Acknowledgments

The authors would like to thank Sten Wessman from Swerea KIMAB AB and University West for his valuable comments. The great support received from the project partners and their representatives: Joakim Wahlsten (Swerea KIMAB AB, Kista), Rachel Pettersson (Jernkontoret, Stockholm), Hans Åström (ELGA AB, Partille), Lars-Åke Bylund (voestalpine Böhler Welding Nordic AB, Avesta), Henrik Larsson (Thermo-Calc Software AB, Stockholm), Alexander Thulin (Outokumpu Stainless AB, Avesta) and Massimo Cocco (Forsmarks Kraftgrupp AB, Forsmark) is acknowledged. Financial support of the KK foundation for the DuplexWeld project is appreciatively acknowledged.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Engineering Science, University West, SE-461 86, Trollhättan, Sweden

    Vahid A. Hosseini, M. Asunción Valiente Bermejo, Kjell Hurtig & Leif Karlsson

  2. Innovatum AB, Trollhättan, SE-461 29, Trollhättan, Sweden

    Vahid A. Hosseini

  3. Swerea KIMAB AB, Box 7047, SE-164 07, Kista, Sweden

    Johannes Gårdstam

Authors
  1. Vahid A. Hosseini
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  2. M. Asunción Valiente Bermejo
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  3. Johannes Gårdstam
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  4. Kjell Hurtig
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  5. Leif Karlsson
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Correspondence to Vahid A. Hosseini.

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Recommended for publication by Commission IX - Behaviour of Metals Subjected to Welding

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Hosseini, V.A., Valiente Bermejo, M.A., Gårdstam, J. et al. Influence of multiple thermal cycles on microstructure of heat-affected zone in TIG-welded super duplex stainless steel. Weld World 60, 233–245 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40194-016-0300-5

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40194-016-0300-5

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