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Mechanical properties of ferritic stainless steel welds in using type 409 and 430 filler metals

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Abstract

In this study, feasibility of using typical ferritic filler metals (409LNb, 430LNb, and 430Ti) for welding of low and medium chromium ferritic stainless steels (EN 1.4003 and types 409, 430, and 441) was investigated. The paper concentrates on basic mechanical properties of gas metal arc-welded joints at ambient temperatures. A variety of mechanical testing, i.e., tension, microhardness, macrohardness, impact toughness, and Erichsen cupping tests, were carried out in order to clarify differences between the joints fabricated with these filler metals. Further, effects of postweld heat treatments on toughness and ductility were evaluated. Microstructures of the welds were analyzed using optical and scanning electron microscopy. According to the results, the tensile strength and ductility are acceptable, but the major limiting factor with these, as with other ferritic filler metals, is poor impact toughness in the weld region. Welds fabricated with the 430LNb welding wire had a ductile-to-brittle transition temperature (DBTT) above ambient temperature. The titanium-stabilized filler metal 430Ti can have improved impact toughness due to grain refinement. The poor impact toughness in the weld region is not seen in the formability of the weldments in Erichsen testing. Postweld heat treatments are beneficial only when welding the traditional type 430 steel. In fact, unnecessary postweld heat treatment runs the risk of decreasing the weldment toughness owing to Laves-phase embrittlement, particularly with type 441.

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Acknowledgments

The current work has been carried out partly within a major European study concentrating on Structural Applications of Ferritic Stainless Steels (SAFSS). The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Community's Research Fund for Coal and Steel (RFCS) under Grant Agreement No. RFSR-CT-2010-00026. The authors acknowledge the financial support from Outokumpu Stainless Oy and the research support of Tornio Research Centre.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Centre for Advanced Steels Research, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland

    S. Anttila & P. Karjalainen

  2. Outokumpu Stainless Oy, Tornio, Finland

    S. Lantto

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  1. S. Anttila
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  2. P. Karjalainen
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  3. S. Lantto
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Correspondence to S. Anttila.

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Doc. IIW-2350 recommended for publication by Commission IX "Behaviour of Metals Subjected to Welding".

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Anttila, S., Karjalainen, P. & Lantto, S. Mechanical properties of ferritic stainless steel welds in using type 409 and 430 filler metals. Weld World 57, 335–347 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40194-013-0033-7

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40194-013-0033-7

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