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The Spanish Version of the Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS): Measurement Invariance and Psychometric Properties

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Abstract

We examined the measurement invariance and psychometric properties of a Spanish-language version of the Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS) in a U.S. sample. A total of 609 undergraduate students, including 325 bilingual (Spanish-speaking) participants, from a Hispanic-majority institution completed the assessment battery and were included in the analyses. The MAAS and the Spanish-language Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS-SP) were shown to be equivalent via multigroup confirmatory factor analysis models testing configural, metric, and scalar invariance. A test of latent mean differences indicated a small, but statistically significant cross-language difference in trait mindfulness as construed by the MAAS, as the latent mean of the MAAS-SP was slightly higher compared with the latent mean of the MAAS. The MAAS-SP evidenced good psychometric properties and concurrent validity. Taken together, findings support the reliability and validity of the MAAS and MAAS-SP in measuring mindfulness across languages. Future studies could continue efforts aimed at examining the structure of mindfulness and its facets across languages.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Psychology, Utah State University, Logan, UT, 84322-2810, USA

    Christopher J. Johnson

  2. Department of Psychology, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, USA

    John S. Wiebe & Osvaldo F. Morera

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  1. Christopher J. Johnson
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  2. John S. Wiebe
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Correspondence to Christopher J. Johnson.

Appendix. Spanish version of the Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS-SP)

Appendix. Spanish version of the Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS-SP)

Experiencias Diarias

Instrucciones: Enseguida encontrará una serie de declaraciones sobre su experiencia diaria. Usando la escala 1–6 que aparece enseguida, por favor indique con qué frecuencia tiene, en la actualidad, cada una de las experiencias. Por favor responda de acuerdo lo que realmente refleja su experiencia, en lugar de responder lo que usted piensa que su experiencia debería ser. Por favor trate cada oración por separado, independiente de las demás.

1

2

3

4

5

6

Casi siempre

Con mucha frecuencia

Con algo de frecuencia

Con poca frecuencia

Con muy poca frecuencia

Casi nunca

  1. 1.

    Podría estar experimentando alguna emoción y no estar consciente de ello hasta cierto tiempo después.

  2. 2.

    Rompo o se me caen las cosas por descuido, por no poner atención, o por estar pensando en otra cosa.

  3. 3.

    Me resulta difícil mantenerme enfocado en lo que está pasando en el presente.

  4. 4.

    Tiendo a caminar rápido para llegar adonde voy sin poner atención a lo que voy experimentando en el camino.

  5. 5.

    Tiendo a no darme cuenta de sensaciones físicas de tensión o incomodidad hasta que realmente se apoderan de mi atención.

  6. 6.

    Se me olvida el nombre de una persona tan pronto como me lo dicen por primera vez.

  7. 7.

    Pareciera que funciono “en automático”, sin estar muy consciente de lo qué estoy haciendo.

  8. 8.

    Realizo actividades de prisa sin ponerles realmente atención.

  9. 9.

    Me enfoco tanto en una meta que quiero alcanzar, que pierdo la noción de lo que estoy haciendo ahora para alcanzarla.

  10. 10.

    Hago trabajos automáticamente, sin darme cuenta de lo que estoy haciendo.

  11. 11.

    Me doy cuenta de que escucho a alguien con un oído, mientras hago algo más al mismo tiempo.

  12. 12.

    Manejo en ‘piloto automático’ y después de llegar a un lugar me pregunto por qué llegue allí.

  13. 13.

    Me doy cuenta de que me preocupo del futuro o del pasado.

  14. 14.

    Me doy cuenta de que hago las cosas sin poner atención.

  15. 15.

    Como entre comidas sin darme cuenta de que estoy comiendo.

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Johnson, C.J., Wiebe, J.S. & Morera, O.F. The Spanish Version of the Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS): Measurement Invariance and Psychometric Properties. Mindfulness 5, 552–565 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-013-0210-1

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