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Hydrogeochemical processes and quality assessment of shallow groundwater in Chenqi coalfield, Inner Mongolia, China

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Abstract

In mining areas, fresh groundwater plays an essential role in meeting the water needs for coal production, agriculture, animal husbandry, and human consumption. The objective of this study is to obtain a deeper understanding of the groundwater evolution processes, and to assess the groundwater quality and its suitability for domestic and irrigation purposes in Chenqi coalfield, located in the Hulunbuir grassland of Inner Mongolia, China. 21 groundwater samples were collected from three different landforms (high plain, plain, and river valley) for major ions and trace metals analyses. General hydrochemistry, correlation, and hierarchical cluster analysis methods were employed. The results show that the groundwater is predominantly of the HCO3–Na·Ca type and HCO3–Ca·Na in the plain and river valley areas, and of the Cl·(HCO3·SO4)–Na·Ca in the high plain area. The groundwater circulation is regulated by natural processes: in the plain and river valley areas, rock weathering, dissolution of silicates (especially plagioclase), and reverse cation exchange are the major hydrogeochemical processes occurring, whereas, in the high plain area, evaporation and dissolution of halite, silicates, and gypsum are the main hydrogeochemical processes. Besides, mining activities have a certain impact on groundwater quality due to the change of groundwater circulation conditions. Groundwater in the plain and river valley areas is suitable for drinking and irrigation purposes, with low concentrations of all parameters. However, in the high plain area, total hardness (TH), high total dissolved solids (TDS), and Cl− and SO42− concentrations limit the suitability of the groundwater for drinking purposes, while high EC and Na concentration makes it unsuitable for irrigation. These results aid in sustainable management of water resources in the study area, and provide a reference for the sustainable utilization of water resources and the rational exploitation of natural resources in other coal mining areas of the world.

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Acknowledgements

The research was supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (Grant No. 2016YFC0501104), State Key Laboratory of Water Resource Protection and Utilization in coal mining (Grant No. SHJT-16-30.10), and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 41302214).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. China Coal Research Institute, Beijing, 100013, China

    Ji Liu, Dewu Jin & Tiantian Wang

  2. Xi’an Research Institute of China Coal Technology and Engineering Group Corp, Xi’an, 710054, Shaanxi, China

    Ji Liu, Dewu Jin, Tiantian Wang, Jian Yang & Qiangmin Wang

  3. Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Water Hazard Prevention and Control Technology in Shaanxi Province, Xi’an, 710054, Shaanxi, China

    Ji Liu, Dewu Jin, Tiantian Wang, Jian Yang & Qiangmin Wang

  4. Zhongsheng Environmental Technology Development Co, Ltd, Xi’an, 710065, Shaanxi, China

    Min Gao

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  1. Ji Liu
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Correspondence to Ji Liu or Tiantian Wang.

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Liu, J., Jin, D., Wang, T. et al. Hydrogeochemical processes and quality assessment of shallow groundwater in Chenqi coalfield, Inner Mongolia, China. Environ Earth Sci 78, 347 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-019-8355-4

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