Abstract
The sigma1 receptor (σ1R) is a chaperone protein residing at mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membranes (MAMs), where it modulates Ca2+ exchange between the ER and mitochondria by interacting with inositol-1,4,5 trisphosphate receptors (IP3Rs). The σ1R is highly expressed in the central nervous system and its activation stimulates neuromodulation and neuroprotection, for instance in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) models in vitro and in vivo. σ1R effects on mitochondria pathophysiology and the downstream signaling are still not fully understood. We here evaluated the impacts of σ1R ligands in mouse mitochondria preparations on reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, mitochondrial respiration, and complex activities, in physiological condition and after direct application of amyloid Aβ1–42 peptide. σ1R agonists (2-(4-morpholinethyl)-1-phenylcyclohexanecarboxylate hydrochloride (PRE-084), tetrahydro-N,N-dimethyl-5,5-diphenyl-3-furanmethanamine (ANAVEX1-41, AN1-41), (S)-1-(2,8-dimethyl-1-thia-3,8-diazaspiro[4.5]dec-3-yl)-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)propan-1-one (ANAVEX3-71, AN3-71), dehydroepiandrosterone-3 sulfate (DHEA), donepezil) increased mitochondrial ROS in a σ1R antagonist-sensitive manner but decreased Aβ1–42-induced increase in ROS. σ1R ligands (agonists or antagonists) did not impact respiration but attenuated Aβ1–42-induced alteration. σ1R agonists (PRE-084, AN1-41, tetrahydro-N,N-dimethyl-2,2-diphenyl-3-furanmethanamine hydrochloride (ANAVEX2-73, AN2-73), AN3-71) increased complex I activity, in a Ca2+-dependent and σ1R antagonist-sensitive manner. σ1R ligands failed to affect complex II, III, and IV activities. The increase in complex I activity explain the σ1R-induced increase in ROS since ligands failed to affect other sources of ROS accumulation in mitochondria and homogenates, namely NADPH oxidase (NOX) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities. Furthermore, Aβ1–42 significantly decreased the activity of complexes I and IV and σ1R agonists attenuated the Aβ1–42-induced complex I and IV dysfunctions. σ1R activity in mitochondria therefore results in a Ying-Yang effect, by triggering moderate ROS increase acting as a physiological signal and promoting a marked anti-oxidant effect in pathological (Aβ) conditions.
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Acknowledgements
The present work is a collaboration between INSERM UMR-S1198, University of Montpellier (France), and the Institute of Chemical Biology, Ilia State University (Tbilisi, Georgia). Nino Goguadze thanks the Euroeast exchange program for PhD students. We thank Melissa Soriano, Laura Tairi, Lucie Crouzier, and Marie-Christine Lebars for technical help.
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This study was supported in part by Anavex Life Sciences (New York, USA). The company had no role in the study design, analyses of the data, and preparation of the manuscript. All authors declare no conflict of interest related to the present work.
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This article is dedicated to the memory of Dr. Nino Natsvlishvili.
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Goguadze, N., Zhuravliova, E., Morin, D. et al. Sigma-1 Receptor Agonists Induce Oxidative Stress in Mitochondria and Enhance Complex I Activity in Physiological Condition but Protect Against Pathological Oxidative Stress. Neurotox Res 35, 1–18 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12640-017-9838-2
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12640-017-9838-2