Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Production of High-Grade Titanium Dioxide Directly from Titanium Ore Using Titanium Scrap and Iron Chloride Waste

  • Published:
Metals and Materials International Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

In order to produce high-grade titanium dioxide (95% TiO2) directly from a titanium ore using titanium scrap and iron chloride waste, chlorine recovery and selective chlorination processes were investigated. The mixture of titanium scrap and ferrous chloride in carbon crucible and titanium ore in quartz crucible were placed inside gas-tight quartz tube. The experiments were conducted at 1193–1248 K. Titanium tetrachloride and metallic iron were produced by the chlorination of titanium scrap in the carbon crucible, and the chlorination ratio of titanium chip was 94.6%. In the quartz crucible, 96.2% TiO2 was obtained under certain conditions by the selective removal of iron from the ore because of the reaction with the generated TiCl4. The iron removal ratio of titanium ore was 98.2%. Therefore, the feasibility of the effective use of titanium scrap and iron chloride waste for upgrading titanium ore was demonstrated in this study.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. U.S. Geological Survey, Mineral Commodity Summaries 2016 (U.S. Geological Survey, Virginia, 2016), pp. 178–179

  2. R.G. Becher, R.G. Canning, B.A. Goodheart, S. Uusna, Proc. Aust. Inst. Min. Metall. 21, 21 (1965)

    Google Scholar 

  3. J.H. Chen, L.W. Huntoon, United States Patent 4019898 (1977)

  4. J.H. Chen, United States Patent 3967954 (1976)

  5. J.H. Chen, United States Patent 3825419 (1974)

  6. M. Guéguin, F. Cardarelli, Miner. Process. Extr. Metall. Rev. 28, 1 (2007)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. W. Kroll, Trans. Electrochem. Soc. 78, 35 (1940)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. M.K. Akhtar, Y. Xiong, S.E. Pratsinis, AIChE J. 37, 1561 (1991)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. M.K. Akhtar, S. Vemury, S.E. Pratsinis, AIChE J. 40, 1183 (1994)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. T.H. Okabe, J. Kang, The Latest Technological Trend of Rare Metals, ed. by T.H. Okabe, K. Nose (CMC Publishing Co., Ltd., Tokyo, 2012), pp. 83–94

  11. W. Zhang, Z. Zhu, C.Y. Cheng, Hydrometallurgy 108, 177 (2011)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. K.I. Rhee, H.Y. Sohn, Metall. Mater. Trans. B 21, 341 (1990)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. S. Fukushima, E. Kimura, Titanium · Zirconium, vol: 23 (1975), p. 67

  14. E. Kimura, A. Fuwa, S. Fukushima, Nippon Kogyo Kaishi 95, 18 (1979)

    Google Scholar 

  15. A. Fuwa, E. Kimura, S. Fukushima, Metall. Mater. Trans. B 9, 643 (1978)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. K.I. Rhee, H.Y. Sohn, Metall. Mater. Trans. B 21, 321 (1990)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. L.K. Doraiswamy, H.C. Bijawat, M.V. Kunte, Chem. Eng. Prog. 55, 80 (1959)

    Google Scholar 

  18. Y. Son, R. Ring, H.-S. Sohn, J. Korean Inst. Resour. Recycl. 25, 74 (2016)

    Google Scholar 

  19. H. Zheng, T.H. Okabe, in Proceedings of 16th Iketani Conference, Masuko Symposium, ed. by S. Yamaguchi. The 16th Iketani Conference Organizing Committee (2006), pp. 1005–1010

  20. R. Matsuoka, T.H. Okabe, in Proceeding Symposium on Metallurgical Technology for Waste Minimization, 134th TMS Annual Meeting (San Francisco, 2005). http://www.okabe.iis.u-tokyo.ac.jp/japanese/for_students/parts/pdf/050218_TMS_proceedings_matsuoka.pdf

  21. J. Kang, T.H. Okabe, Metall. Mater. Trans. B 44B, 516 (2013)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. J. Kang, T.H. Okabe, Metall. Mater. Trans. B 48B, 294 (2017)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. J. Kang, T.H. Okabe, Mater. Trans. 54, 1444 (2013)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. D.F. Othmer, United States Patent 3859077 (1975)

  25. D.F. Othmer, R. Nowak, AIChE J. 18, 217 (1972)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. D.F. Othmer, United States Patent 3989510 (1976)

  27. J. Kang, T.H. Okabe, Mater. Trans. 55, 591 (2014)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. J. Kang, T.H. Okabe, Int. J. Miner. Process. 149, 111 (2016)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. J. Kang, T.H. Okabe, Metall. Mater. Trans. B 47B, 320 (2016)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. H. Zheng, T.H. Okabe, J. Alloys Compd. 461, 459 (2008)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. Y. Taninouchi, Y. Hamanaka, T.H. Okabe, Mater. Trans. 56, 1 (2015)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. Y. Hamanaka, M.Sc. Thesis, (The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 2015), pp. 139–143

  33. I. Barin, Thermochemical Data of Pure Substances, 3rd edn. (VCH Verlagsgesellschaft mbH, Weinheim, 1995)

    Book  Google Scholar 

  34. J. Kang, T.H. Okabe, Metall. Mater. Trans. B 45B, 1260 (2014)

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

The authors are grateful to Dr. Soo Bok Jeong, Dr. Hanjung Kwon, and Mr. Susumu Kosemura for the supply of samples throughout this study. In addition, the authors thank Ms. Ahram Moon and Ms. Gahee Kim for their technical assistance. Furthermore, the authors are grateful to all the members of the Geoanalysis Department of KIGAM for their technical assistance. This research was partially supported by the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) through a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (S) (KAKENHI Grant No. 26220910) and the Basic Research Project (18-3212) of the Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources (KIGAM) funded by the Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning of Korea.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Strategic Minerals Utilization Research Department, Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources, Daejeon, 34132, Republic of Korea

    Jungshin Kang & Gyeonghye Moon

  2. Department of Resources Recycling, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea

    Jungshin Kang & Min-Seuk Kim

  3. Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 153-8505, Japan

    Jungshin Kang & Toru H. Okabe

  4. Resources Recovery Research Center, Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources, Daejeon, 34132, Republic of Korea

    Min-Seuk Kim

Authors
  1. Jungshin Kang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Gyeonghye Moon
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Min-Seuk Kim
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Toru H. Okabe
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Jungshin Kang.

Electronic supplementary material

Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.

Supplementary material 1 (PPTX 1458 kb)

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Kang, J., Moon, G., Kim, MS. et al. Production of High-Grade Titanium Dioxide Directly from Titanium Ore Using Titanium Scrap and Iron Chloride Waste. Met. Mater. Int. 25, 257–267 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12540-018-0175-7

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12540-018-0175-7

Keywords

Search

Navigation