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Contributions of Rare Earth Element (La,Ce) Addition to the Impact Toughness of Low Carbon Cast Niobium Microalloyed Steels

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Abstract

In this research Rare Earth elements (RE), La and Ce (200 ppm), were added to a low carbon cast microalloyed steel to disclose their influence on the microstructure and impact toughness. It is suggested that RE are able to change the interaction between the inclusions and matrix during the solidification process (comprising peritectic transformation), which could affect the microstructural features and consequently the impact property; compared to the base steel a clear evolution was observed in nature and morphology of the inclusions present in the RE-added steel i.e. (1) they changed from MnS-based to (RE,Al)(S,O) and RE(S)-based; (2) they obtained an aspect ratio closer to 1 with a lower area fraction as well as a smaller average size. Besides, the microstructural examination of the matrix phases showed that a bimodal type of ferrite grain size distribution exists in both base and RE-added steels, while the mean ferrite grain size was reduced from 12 to 7 μm and the bimodality was redressed in the RE-added steel. It was found that pearlite nodule size decreases from 9 to 6 μm in the RE-added steel; however, microalloying with RE caused only a slight decrease in pearlite volume fraction. After detailed fractography analyses, it was found that, compared to the based steel, the significant enhancement of the impact toughness in RE-added steel (from 63 to 100 J) can be mainly attributed to the differences observed in the nature of the inclusions, the ferrite grain size distribution, and the pearlite nodule size. The presence of carbides (cementite) at ferrite grain boundaries and probable change in distribution of Nb-nanoprecipitation (promoted by RE addition) can be considered as other reasons affecting the impact toughness of steels under investigation.

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Acknowledgements

The authors from University of Tehran gratefully acknowledge the financial support provided by the office of international affairs and the office for research affairs, college of engineering, for the Project Number 8107009.6.34. The authors from CENIM-CSIC would like to acknowledge the financial support from Comunidad de Madrid through DIMMAT-CM_S2013/MIT-2775 Project. Authors are grateful to the Phase Transformations and Microscopy labs from CENIM-CSIC. Mr. Javier Vara Miñambres from the Phase Transformations lab (CENIM-CSIC) is gratefully acknowledged for his continuous experimental support.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, P.O. Box 11155-4563, Tehran, Iran

    Hadi Torkamani, Shahram Raygan & Jafar Rassizadehghani

  2. Materalia Research Group, National Center for Metallurgical Research (CENIM), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CSIC), Avda Gregorio del Amo, 8, E-28040, Madrid, Spain

    Carlos Garcia Mateo & David San-Martin

  3. Materials and Energy Research Center, Karaj, 3177983634, Iran

    Yahya Palizdar

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  1. Hadi Torkamani
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Correspondence to Hadi Torkamani, Shahram Raygan or Carlos Garcia Mateo.

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Torkamani, H., Raygan, S., Garcia Mateo, C. et al. Contributions of Rare Earth Element (La,Ce) Addition to the Impact Toughness of Low Carbon Cast Niobium Microalloyed Steels. Met. Mater. Int. 24, 773–788 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12540-018-0084-9

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