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Development of a Just-in-Time Adaptive Intervention for Smoking Cessation Among Korean American Emerging Adults

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Abstract

Purpose

Cigarette smoking is a preventable risk factor that contributes to unnecessary lung cancer burden among Korean Americans and there is limited research on effective smoking cessation strategies for this population. Smartphone-based smoking cessation apps that leverage just-in-time adaptive interventions (JITAIs) hold promise for smokers attempting to quit. However, little is known about how to develop and tailor a smoking cessation JITAI for Korean American emerging adult (KAEA) smokers.

Method

This paper documents the development process of MyQuit USC according to design guidelines for JITAI. Our development process builds on findings from a prior ecological momentary assessment study by using qualitative research methods. Semi-structured interviews and a focus group were conducted to inform which intervention options to offer and the decision rules that dictate their delivery.

Results

Qualitative findings highlighted that (1) smoking episodes are highly context-driven and that (2) KAEA smokers believe they need personalized cessation strategies tailored to different contexts. Thus, MyQuit USC operates via decision rules that guide the delivery of personalized implementation intentions, which are contingent on dynamic factors, to be delivered “just in time” at user-scheduled, high-risk smoking situations.

Conclusion

Through an iterative design process, informed by quantitative and qualitative formative research, we developed a smoking cessation JITAI tailored specifically for KAEA smokers. Further testing is under way to optimize future versions of the app with the most effective intervention strategies and decision rules. MyQuit USC has the potential to provide cessation support in real-world settings, when KAEAs need them the most.

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Acknowledgements

Funding for this research was provided by American Cancer Society: 124758-MRSG-13-155-01-CPPB (Huh, PI) and from National Institutes of Health: NCI T32CA009492-31. Support for the time of Mays and Shoptaw comes from the National Institutes of Health, National Institute for Minority Health and Health disparities (MD006932).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 2001 N. Soto Street, 3rd Floor, Los Angeles, CA, 90032, USA

    Christian Jules Cerrada, Eldin Dzubur, Kacie C. A. Blackman & Jimi Huh

  2. University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA

    Vickie Mays & Steven Shoptaw

Authors
  1. Christian Jules Cerrada
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  2. Eldin Dzubur
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  3. Kacie C. A. Blackman
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  4. Vickie Mays
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  5. Steven Shoptaw
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  6. Jimi Huh
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Christian Jules Cerrada.

Ethics declarations

Research Involving Human Participants and/or Animals

All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. This article does not contain any studies with animals performed by any of the authors.

Informed Consent

Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.

Disclosure of Potential Conflicts of Interest

The authors Cerrada, Dzubur, Blackman, Mays, Shoptaw, and Huh declare that they have no conflict of interest.

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Cerrada, C.J., Dzubur, E., Blackman, K.C.A. et al. Development of a Just-in-Time Adaptive Intervention for Smoking Cessation Among Korean American Emerging Adults. Int.J. Behav. Med. 24, 665–672 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12529-016-9628-x

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