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Mytilus trossulus in NW Greenland is genetically more similar to North Pacific than NW Atlantic populations of the species

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Abstract

Changes in climate-related factors such as ice coverage, water temperature, and ocean currents have been proposed to facilitate an increased interchange of species in the High Arctic between the Pacific and Atlantic oceans. In Greenland, the colonization of the mussel species Mytilus edulis has been suggested to have occurred recently and exclusively from Northwest Atlantic populations. The source population for its sibling species Mytilus trossulus is however unknown, and therefore we aimed to explore its genetic origin. Using 54 SNP markers, M. trossulus was identified from three Greenland blue mussel populations collected in 2012–2014 and the relative similarities to Northwest Atlantic and North Pacific M. trossulus populations were assessed. Populations were found to fall into two clades. The North Pacific is the most likely source for the northern Greenland M. trossulus probably as a result of occasional postglacial long-distance dispersal through the Bering Strait.

Our findings in M. trossulus are in agreements with the predictions that climate change will, in addition to driving a northward expansion of temperate-boreal species into the Arctic Ocean, increase the rate of trans-Arctic interchange between the Atlantic and the Pacific oceans.

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Acknowledgements

The authors gratefully acknowledge Anders Mosbech and Rune Dietz for sampling of mussels at Savissivik in northwestern Greenland, and Dr. Peter Cranford for providing samples from Canada. We thank Jonathan Gardner and Jean-Pierre Desforges for valuable comments on the manuscript.

Funding

This study was partially funded by the 2011/01/B/NZ9/04352 NCN project for R.W., the Leading National Research Centre (KNOW) - the Centre for Polar Studies for the period 2014–2018 and statutory topic IV.1. in the IOPAS. L.B. received financial support from the Ministry of Environment and Food of Denmark.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Arctic Research Centre, Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark

    Lis Bach & Jakob Strand

  2. Department of Genetics and Marine Biotechnology, Institute of Oceanology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sopot, Poland

    Malgorzata Zbawicka & Roman Wenne

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  1. Lis Bach
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  2. Malgorzata Zbawicka
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  3. Jakob Strand
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  4. Roman Wenne
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Correspondence to Lis Bach.

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The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

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All applicable international, national, and/or institutional guidelines for the care and use of animals were followed by the authors.

Sampling and field studies

All necessary permits for sampling and observational field studies have been obtained by the authors from the competent authorities and are mentioned in the acknowledgements, if applicable.

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Communicated by H. Stuckas

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Bach, L., Zbawicka, M., Strand, J. et al. Mytilus trossulus in NW Greenland is genetically more similar to North Pacific than NW Atlantic populations of the species. Mar Biodiv 49, 1053–1059 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12526-018-0870-0

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12526-018-0870-0

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