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Non-coding RNAs as Emerging Regulators of Neural Injury Responses and Regeneration

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Abstract

Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are a large cluster of RNAs that do not encode proteins, but have multiple functions in diverse cellular processes. Mounting evidence indicates the involvement of ncRNAs in the physiology and pathophysiology of the central and peripheral nervous systems. It has been shown that numerous ncRNAs, especially microRNAs and long non-coding RNAs, are differentially expressed after insults such as acquired brain injury, spinal cord injury, and peripheral nerve injury. These ncRNAs affect neuronal survival, neurite regrowth, and glial phenotype primarily by targeting specific mRNAs, resulting in translation repression or degradation of the mRNAs. An increasing number of studies have investigated the regulatory roles of microRNAs and long non-coding RNAs in neural injury and regeneration, and thus a new research field is emerging. In this review, we highlight current progress in the field in an attempt to provide further insight into post-transcriptional changes occurring after neural injury, and to facilitate the potential use of ncRNAs for improving neural regeneration. We also suggest potential directions for future studies.

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Acknowledgments

We thank Professor Jie Liu for help in manuscript preparation. Researches from the corresponding author’s laboratory were supported by the National Basic Research Development Program (973 Program) of China (2014CB542202), the National High-Technology Research Development Program (863 Program) of China (2012AA020502), the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province, China (BK20151270), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31200799 and 81571198), and the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions.

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  1. Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China

    Songlin Zhou, Fei Ding & Xiaosong Gu

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  1. Songlin Zhou
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  2. Fei Ding
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  3. Xiaosong Gu
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Correspondence to Xiaosong Gu.

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Zhou, S., Ding, F. & Gu, X. Non-coding RNAs as Emerging Regulators of Neural Injury Responses and Regeneration. Neurosci. Bull. 32, 253–264 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12264-016-0028-7

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12264-016-0028-7

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