Abstract
A vehicle disk brake, which has cross drilled hole patterns on a frictional surface for improving cooling and braking performance, has propensity to cause crack problem under the harsh braking condition. In this study, the finite element analysis by using ABAQUS was adopted to investigate a cause of crack occurrence by the thermo-mechanical phenomenon around drilled hole patterns. As a remedy of the crack generation, the disk brake rotor with stress relieving and ferritic nitrocarburizing was prepared and tested on brake dynamometer in harsh condition. The test result was examined in terms of pad wear, the braking torque variation, the braking temperature changes, the crack initiation timing, and the crack propagation speed. As a test result, the disk after heat treatment showed 3.61 % higher average braking temperature than the disk without heat treatments, to suggest decreased heat dissipation performance, however, it also showed 14 % lower pad wear amount, and 0.1 % smaller braking torque variance than the disk without heat treatments, to stand for improved contact characteristics. Also, the heat treated brake rotor showed 51.3 % lower crack propagation rate which is considered as proper countermeasure of the fracture phenomenon at the edge of cross drilled hole.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Bell, T. (1981). Gaseous Ferritic Nitrocarburizing. 9th edn. Metals Handbook. American Society for Metals. Ohio, USA, 264–269.
Daniel, H. H. (2004). Heat Treatment of Cast Irons. Industrial Heating. Thermal Process, 23–26.
Day, A. J. (2014). Braking of Road Vehicles. 4th edn. Butterworth Heinemann Books. London, UK.
Fuad, K., Daimaruya, M. and Kobayashi, H. (1994). Temperature and thermal stresses in a brake drum subjected to cyclic heating. J. Thermal Stresses 17, 4, 515–527.
Hong, Y., Jung, T., Kim, C., Hong, Y. and Cho, C. (2017). An experimental study for machined patterns of friction surface on two-pieces disc brake rotor in performance aspect. Trans. Korean Society of Automotive Engineers 25, 5, 581–589.
Jung, T., Cha, B., Hong, Y., Kim, C., Hong, Y. and Cho, C. (2016). An experimental study for machined patterns of friction surface on disc brake rotor in performance aspect. Trans. Korean Society of Automotive Engineers 24, 4, 471–479.
Lee, K. (1999). Numerical prediction of brake fluid temperature rise during braking and heat soaking. SAE Paper No. 1999-01-0483.
Nakatsuji, T., Okubo, K., Fujii, T., Sasada, M. and Noguchi, Y. (2002). Study on crack initiation at small holes of one-piece brake discs. SAE Paper No. 2002-01- 0926.
SAE International (2012). Rotor Thermal Cracking Procedure for Vehicles Below 4,540 kg GVWR. SAE Standard No. J2928.
Sun, H. (2006). Sensitivity study on brake cooling performance. SAE Paper No. 2006-01-0694.
Tlili, S. and Touhami, M. Z. (2011). Enhancement of the Mechanical Properties of Graycast Iron by Ferritic Nitrocarburizing Process. In Algerian Congress of Mechanics CAM.
Wells, A. and Shaw, M. P. (1985). An investigation into dry sliding wear behaviour of the ferritic nitrocarburized surface of a plain low carbon steel. Wear 103, 1, 29–42.
Yildiz, Y. and Duzgun, M. (2010). Stress analysis of ventilated brake discs using the finite element method. Int. J. Automotive Technology 11, 1, 133–138.
Zum Gahr, K. and Eldis, T. (1980). Abrasive wear of white cast irons. Wear 64, 1, 175–194.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Hong, Y., Jung, T. & Cho, C. Effect of Heat Treatment on Crack Propagation and Performance of Disk Brake with Cross Drilled Holes. Int.J Automot. Technol. 20, 177–185 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12239-019-0017-8
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12239-019-0017-8