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Effect of Diets Supplemented with Different Levels of Manganese, Zinc, and Copper from their Organic or Inorganic Sources on Egg Production and Quality Characteristics in Laying Hens

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Abstract

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of zinc, manganese, and copper sources (inorganic vs. organic) in the diet on laying performance and eggshell quality characteristics. One hundred and eighty Hy-Line W-36 layers at 38 weeks of age were allocated to 36-layer cages of five hens each. Each six cages were randomly assigned to one of the six experimental diets fed from 38 to 53 week of age. In three experimental treatments, the basal diet was supplemented with 65–75–7 or 65–75–7 or 40–40–7 mg/kg of Zn, Mn, and Cu, respectively, from their oxide or sulfate sources. Three other groups were fed diets supplemented with 20–20–3.5 or 40–40–7.5 or 60–60–10.5 mg/kg of organic forms of Zn, Mn, and Cu, respectively. Dietary treatments significantly did affect feed intake (P < 0.001), feed conversion ratio (P < 0.001) and percentage of broken eggs (P < 0.05). Substitution of Zn and Mn oxides (65 and 75 mg kg−1, respectively) with equal amounts of their sulfate forms significantly improved feed intake, feed conversion ratio, percentage of broken eggs, and Haugh Unit (P < 0.05). In addition, laying hens maintained their performance when substitution of Zn and Mn oxides and Cu sulfate (65, 75, and 7 mg kg−1, respectively) reduced up to 20, 20, and 3.5 mg kg−1 by amino acid complexes of the microelements. The results showed that a corn–soybean diet supplemented with the organic forms of Zn, Mn, and Cu at a dosage 50% to 75% lower than NRC recommendation is sufficient to maintain laying performance and can improve eggshell and albumen qualities of the egg in laying hens.

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Acknowledgments

The authors are grateful to Zinpro and Sana Dam Pars Co. (No.125, Mirdamad blvd., Tehran, Iran) for research funding support. Appreciation is expressed to P. Ajilchi, M. Heidari, and S. Eghbalsaeid for valuable assistance in this research project.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Animal Science, Isfahan Research Center for Agriculture and Natural Resources, 81785-199, Isfahan, Iran

    Abbas Ali Gheisari

  2. Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Animal Science, Islamic Azad University, Khorasgan Branch, 81595-158, Isfahan, Iran

    Abbas Sanei, Mohamad Mehdi Gheisari & Majid Toghyani

  3. Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Animal Science, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran

    Abdolhossein Samie

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  1. Abbas Ali Gheisari
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  2. Abbas Sanei
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  4. Mohamad Mehdi Gheisari
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Correspondence to Abbas Ali Gheisari.

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Gheisari, A.A., Sanei, A., Samie, A. et al. Effect of Diets Supplemented with Different Levels of Manganese, Zinc, and Copper from their Organic or Inorganic Sources on Egg Production and Quality Characteristics in Laying Hens. Biol Trace Elem Res 142, 557–571 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-010-8779-x

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