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The acute effect of exercise intensity on free throws in young basketball players

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Abstract

Purpose

Free throws (FT) accuracy is a major determinant of performance in basketball game. However, the effect of exercise intensities on FT accuracy has not been well studied. The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of different exercise intensities on FT accuracy in young male basketball players.

Methods

For this aim, 22 basketball players (age 16.12 ± 1.16 years, body mass 76.4 ± 13.3 kg and height 186.4 ± 8.9 cm), classified into 2 age groups (younger 15.28 ± 0.48 years, n = 11; older 16.97 ± 1.00 years, n = 11). The participants performed 50 FT under five conditions (i.e. 10 FT per condition): after rest (A), after 3 min shuttle running with ~9 km h−1 (B), ~9.5 km h−1 (C), ~10 km h−1 (D) and ~10.5 km h−1 (E).

Results

The analysis of variance showed a main effect of exercise intensity on FT accuracy (p = 0.003, η 2 = 0.585), heart rate (HR) (p < 0.001, η 2 = 0.990) and rate of perceived exertion (RPE) (p < 0.001, η 2 = 0.703): (a) FT accuracy in the C and D conditions was higher than the A condition (p ≤ 0.004); (b) all conditions differed for HR (p ≤ 0.047), the higher was the exercise intensity the higher was the HR, whereas no difference was revealed between D and E conditions; (c) the same trend as in the HR was observed in RPE (i.e. the higher the exercise intensity, the higher the RPE), too, where all conditions differed (p ≤ 0.047), except between C and D, and between D and E conditions.

Conclusions

There was a significant exercise intensity × age interaction for RPE (p = 0.011, η 2 = 0.516), but not for FT accuracy (p = 0.336, η 2 = 0.224) or HR (p = 0.128, η 2 = 0.329). The findings of the present study showed that a minimum of exercise intensity was necessary to achieve peak FT performance and a shape of inverse U was suggested for the relationship between FT accuracy and exercise intensity.

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Abbreviations

ANOVA:

Analysis of variance

FT:

Free throws

HR:

Heart rate

RPE:

Rate of perceived exertion

\(\dot{V}\text{O}_2\) :

Oxygen uptake

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Acknowledgments

The authors thank all athletes who participated and the staff of AEK basketball club who voluntarily helped with this research. We thank the sport scientist Ioannis Tasiopoulos (Ph.D. candidate in University of Peloponnese) and Angelos Mparmpas (B.Sc. student in University of Strasburg) for their contribution in the physiological assessment.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Physical Education and Sport, University of Athens, Ethnikis Antistasis 41, Dafni, 17237, Greece

    Eleni Mokou & Nikos Apostolidis

  2. Department of Physical and Cultural Education, Hellenic Army Academy, Athens, Greece

    Pantelis T. Nikolaidis

  3. Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Nikaia, Athens, Greece

    Pantelis T. Nikolaidis

  4. University e-Campus, Novedrate, Italy

    Johnny Padulo

Authors
  1. Eleni Mokou
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  2. Pantelis T. Nikolaidis
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Correspondence to Eleni Mokou.

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The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

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The research was approved by the local institutional review board.

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All participants and their parents or guardians provided informed consent.

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Mokou, E., Nikolaidis, P.T., Padulo, J. et al. The acute effect of exercise intensity on free throws in young basketball players. Sport Sci Health 12, 227–232 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11332-016-0279-8

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