Abstract
Poultry genetic resources diversity serves as a reservoir of genes adaptable to local conditions, production, resource utilization, and production that are compatible with consumer preferences for meat and egg products. This study was, therefore, conducted to determine the production potentials of native chickens in Western Visayas, Philippines. A total of 270 raisers were interviewed and 810 chickens were characterized. These numbers were divided equally among the provinces of Aklan, Antique, Capiz, Guimaras, Iloilo, and Negros Occidental. The data collected were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance and significant differences were determined using the Duncan’s Multiple Range Test. Results show that native chickens from Aklan had the highest (P < 0.01) hatching percentage (93.10 ± 1.67 %) and oldest (P < 0.01) slaughter/marketing age (23.56 ± 1.03 weeks). Those from Guimaras had the biggest (P < 0.01) egg (42.69 ± 0.87 g) and heaviest slaughter/marketing weight (920.00 ± 22.72 to 924.44 ± 23.01 g); the shortest (P < 0.01) clutch interval (77.87 ± 4.14 days) was observed from those in Iloilo. Those from Antique had the highest (P < 0.01) survival rate from 1 day old to a slaughter/marketing age of 52.48 ± 1.83 %. The adult live weight ranged from 1.27 ± 0.04 to 1.62 ± 0.04 kg with those from Aklan as the lowest (P < 0.01) while those from Guimaras were the highest. Thus, the observed variations in reproductive and growth performances of native chickens from this region expressed their potentials for genetic improvement toward production.
Similar content being viewed by others
Notes
A standardized strain of native chicken in Western Visayas, Philippines
References
Abdelqader, A., Wollny, C.B. and Gauly, M., 2007. Characterization of local chicken production systems and their potential under different levels of management practices in Jordan, Tropical Animal Health and Production, 39(3), 155–164
Baguio, S., 2010. Potentials and livelihood opportunites from native animal production in the Philippines. Proceedings of the international seminar-workshop on the utilization of native animals in building rural enterprises in warm climate zones, (FFTC, PCARRD, PCC, and CLSU, Science City of Muñoz, Nueva Ecija, Philippines), 118
BAS., 2011. Chicken: Inventory by geolocation, farm type, period and year. Retrieved February 11, 2011 from CountrySTAT Philippines (http://www.countrystat.bas.gov.ph)
Belleza, E., 2010. S&T anchor program on Philippine native chicken: Market studies on native chicken in Region VI, (unpublished terminal report, University of the Philippine in the Visayas)
Boettcher, P.J., Tixier-Boichard, M., Toro, M.A., Simianer, H., Eding, H., Gandini, G., Joost, J., Garcia, D., Colli, L., Ajmone-Marsan, P., and The Globaldiv Consortium., 2010. Objectives, criteria and methods for using molecular genetic data in priority setting for conservation of animal genetic resources, Animal Genetics, 41(Suppl.1), 64–77
Carnegie, A., 1983. Some observations on performance of native poultry and measures taken to increase their productivity, Philippine Journal of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, 9(1–4), 246
Chang, H., 2007. Analysis of the Philippine chicken industry: Commercial versus backyard sector, Asian Agriculture and Development, 4(1), 41–56
Chen, G.H., Li, H.F., Wu, X.S., Xie, K.Z., Daig, G.J., Chen, K.W., Zhang, X.Y., and Wang, K.H., 2002. Factors affecting the inosine-5′-monophosphate content of muscles in Taihe Silkies chickens, Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Science, 15(2), 1359–1363
Chen, J.L., Wen, J., Wang, S.B., Zhao, G.P., Zheng, M.Q., and Yang, N., 2004. Sensory evaluation for umami taste of inosine-5′-monophosphate, China Poultry, 8, 104–106
Chen, J.L., Zhao, G.P., Zheng, M.Q., Wen, J., and Yang, N., 2008. Estimation of genetic parameters for contents of intramuscular fat and inosine-5′-monophosphate and carcass traits in Chinese Beijing-You chickens, Poultry Science, 87, 1098–1104
Cocjin, B.B., Lambio, A.L., Hipolito, S.U., Gonzales, V.T., Linga, M.C., Tomambo, E.D., Roxas, G.F.A., Arenga, R.L., and Casiple, C.G., 1999. Improvement, utilization and conservation of the Darag Philippine native chicken, The West Visayas State University Graduate Journal, 35(2), 16–37
Cocjin, B.B., Roxas, G.F.A., Casiple, C.G., and Arenga, R. L., 2001. Organoleptic test and chemical analyses of meats of Philippine Chicken (Darag type) and commercial broiler, Philippine Journal of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, 27, 192–200
Cocjin, B.B., Roxas, G.F.A., Arenga, R.L., and Casiple, C.G., 2004. Comparison of breeding and production performance of Darag-type Philippine native chicken in 1999 and 2003, Proceedings of the Philippine Society of Animal Science (PSAS, Cebu), 12–15
Cocjin, B.B., Roxas, G.F.A., Arenga, R.L., and Casiple, C.G., 2007. Improvement, utilization and conservation project for Philippine native chickens (Darag-type) in Western Visayas II: Dispersal of the technology to farmer cooperators (Progeny testing), Philippine Journal of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, 33(1), 39–46
Coligado, E., 1985. Potential of the Philippine native chicken, Animal Production Technology, 1, 29–30
Commission on Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture., 2010. Draft guidelines on phenotypic characterization, (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome)
Dana, N., van der Waaij, L.H., Dessie, T., and van Arendonk, J.A.M., 2010. Production objectives and trait preferences of village poultry producers of Ethiopia: Implication for designing breeding schemes utilizing indigenous chicken genetic resources, Tropical Animal Health and Production, 42, 1519–1529
Davila, S.G., Gil, M.G., Resino-Talavan, P., and Campo, J.L., 2009. Evaluation of diversity between different Spanish chicken breeds, a tester line and a White Leghorn population based on microsatellite markers, Poultry Science, 88, 2518–2525
Escobin, R.P., Bondoc, O.L., Lambio, A.L., and Roxas, N.P., 2005. Heterosis in production traits and ranging ability of chicken grown under organic management system, Philippine Journal of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, 31(1), 103–114
FAO., 1998. Secondary guidelines for development of national farm animal genetic resources management plans: Management of small population at risks, (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome)
FAO., 2007. The state of the world’s animal genetic resources for food and agriculture, edited by B. Rischkowsky & D. Pilling, (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome)
FAO., 2009. Status and trends of animal genetic resources – 2008, (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome)
Guevara, L.A., Lambio, A.L. and Peñalba, F.F., 1991. Management practices of indigenous chicken in the Southern Tagalog Region, Philippine Journal of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, 17(1&2), 67–68
Hiemstra, S.J., Drucker, A.G., Tvedt, M.W., Louwaars, N., Oldenbroek, J.K., Awgichew, K., Kabede, S.A., Bhat, P.N., and da Silva, A., 2006. Exchange, use and conservation of animal genetic resources, (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome)
Hoffmann, I., 2010. Climate change and the characterization, breeding and conservation of animal genetic resources, Animal Genetics, 41(Suppl. 1), 32–46
Israel, G., 1992. Determining sample size, (University of Florida-Florida Cooperative Extension Service, USA)
Lambio, A.L., Bondoc, O.L. and Grecia, M.C., 1998. Brooding and growing performance of four genetic groups of Philippine native chicken, Philippine Journal of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, 24(1&2), 1–8
Lingaya, R.A.I.N., Oliveros, M.C.R. and Magpantay, V.A., 2007. Production performance and marketing of native chicken in the First and Fourth Districts of Iloilo, Philippine Journal of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, 33(2), 163–171
Lomarda, M., 1991. External and internal egg quality parameter of native and other genetic groups of chickens, (Unpublished Undergraduate thesis, University of the Philippines Los Baños)
LPP, LIFE Network, IUCN-WISP, and FAO., 2010. Adding value to livestock diversity – Marketing to promote local breeds and improve livelihoods, FAO Animal Production and Health Paper. No. 168. Rome
Lwelamira, J., Kifaro, G.C. and Gwakisa., 2008. On station and on-farm evaluation of two Tanzania chicken ecotypes for body weights at different ages and egg production, African Journal of Agricultural Research, 3(12), 843–851
Magpantay, V.A., Supangco, E.P., Pacificador, A.Y., Sevilla, C.C., Lambio, A.L., and Gayeta, E.C., 2006. Characterization of native chicken production system in a coconut-based farming system in Dolores, Quezon, Philippine Journal of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, 32(2), 195–202
MASIPAG., 2004. Collection, identification, multiplication, maintenance and evaluation (CIMME), Retrieved on February 1, 2011 from Magsasaka at Siyentipiko para sa Pag-unlad nga Agrikultura (http://www.masipag.org/cimme.htm)
Moges, F., Mellesse, A. and Dessie, T., 2010. Assessment of village production system and evaluation of the productive and reproductive performance of local chicken ecotype in Bure District, Northwest Ethiopia, African Journal of Agricultural Research, 5(13), 1739–1748
Notter, D., 1999. The importance of genetic diversity in livestock populations of the future, Journal of Animal Science, 77, 61–69
NSO., 2005. 2002 scenario of the agriculture sector in the Philippines, Retrieved on July 25, 2011 from National Statitics Office (http://www.census.gov.ph)
Oñate, W., 1991. Estimated population management practices and performance of chickens in Camarines Sur, Retrieved on February 26, 2011, from AGRIS (http://agris.fao.org)
Perez-Espona, S., Perez-Barberia, F.J., McLeod, J.E., Jiggins, C.D., Gordon, I.J., and Pemberton, J.M., 2008. Landscape features affect gene flow of Scottish Highland Red Deer (Cervus elaphus), Molecular Ecology, 17, 981–996
Pilling, D., 2010. Threats to animal genetic resources for food and agriculture – approaches to recording, description, classification, and analysis. Animal Genetic Resources, 47, 11–22
Rege, J.E.O. and Gibson, J.P., 2003. Animal genetic resources and economic development: Issues in relation to economic valuation. Ecological Economics, 45, 319–330
Rollefson, I.F. and LPPS., 2005. Indigenous breed, local communities, (Lokhit Pashu-Palak Sansthan, India)
Roxas, N.P., Villanueva, E.M. and Lambio, A.L. 1996. Protein and isoenzyme polymorphisms in Philippine native chickens, Philippine Journal of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, 22(1&2), 1–8
Shrestha, N.P., Lambio, A.L., Rasali, D.F., Palad, M.D.P., and J.V. Serrano., 1992. Phenotypic correlation among external egg qualities and chick weights in Philippine native chicken, Philippine Journal of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, 18(3), 239–242
Zanetti, F., de Marchi, M., Dalvit, C., and Cassandro, M. 2010. Genetic characterization of local Italian breeds of chicken undergoing in situ conservation, Poultry Science, 89, 420–427
Acknowledgments
The author expresses his deepest gratitude to the Department of Science and Technology–Philippine Council for Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Resources Research and Development (DOST-PCARRD), Central Philippine University (CPU), and Commission on Higher Education (CHED) for the financial support in conducting this study. The assistance from the Magsasaka at Siyentipiko para sa Pag-unlad ng Agrikultura (MASIPAG) and those from the local government officials of the different sampling sites in Western Visayas, Philippines during the field visit and data collection are likewise acknowledged.
Ethical Standard
The author declares that no law pertaining to handling of native chickens during the data collection was violated in the Philippines.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Cabarles, J.C. Production potentials of native chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus L.) of Western Visayas, Philippines. Trop Anim Health Prod 45, 405–410 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11250-012-0230-1
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11250-012-0230-1