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Arabidopsis acyl-CoA-binding protein ACBP6 localizes in the phloem and affects jasmonate composition

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Abstract

Arabidopsis thaliana ACYL-COA-BINDING PROTEIN6 (AtACBP6) encodes a cytosolic 10-kDa AtACBP. It confers freezing tolerance in transgenic Arabidopsis, possibly by its interaction with lipids as indicated by the binding of acyl-CoA esters and phosphatidylcholine to recombinant AtACBP6. Herein, transgenic Arabidopsis transformed with an AtACBP6 promoter-driven β-glucuronidase (GUS) construct exhibited strong GUS activity in the vascular tissues. Immunoelectron microscopy using anti-AtACBP6 antibodies showed AtACBP6 localization in the phloem especially in the companion cells and sieve elements. Also, the presence of gold grains in the plasmodesmata indicated its potential role in systemic trafficking. The AtACBP6 protein, but not its mRNA, was found in phloem exudate of wild-type Arabidopsis. Fatty acid profiling using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry revealed an increase in the jasmonic acid (JA) precursor, 12-oxo-cis,cis-10,15-phytodienoic acid (cis-OPDA), and a reduction in JA and/or its derivatives in acbp6 phloem exudates in comparison to the wild type. Quantitative real-time PCR showed down-regulation of COMATOSE (CTS) in acbp6 rosettes suggesting that AtACBP6 affects CTS function. AtACBP6 appeared to affect the content of JA and/or its derivatives in the sieve tubes, which is consistent with its role in pathogen-defense and in its wound-inducibility of AtACBP6pro::GUS. Taken together, our results suggest the involvement of AtACBP6 in JA-biosynthesis in Arabidopsis phloem tissues.

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Abbreviations

13-LOX:

13-Lipoxygenase

ACBP:

Acyl-CoA-binding protein

ACX:

Acyl-CoA oxidase

AOC:

Allene oxide cyclase

AOS:

Allene oxide synthesis

BSA:

Bovine serum albumin

CC:

Companion cell

cis-OPDA:

12-oxo-cis,cis-10,15-phytodienoic acid

CTS:

COMATOSE

dn-OPDA:

Dinor-oxo-phytodienoic acid

FA:

Fatty acid

GC-MS:

Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry

GUS:

β-Glucuronidase

ITC:

Isothermal titration calorimetry

JA:

Jasmonic acid

OE:

Overexpressor

OPC-8:

12-Oxophytoenoic acid

OPCL:

4-Cl-like CoA-ligase

OPR3:

12-oxo-phytodienoic acid reductase3

PA:

Phosphatidic acid

PC:

Phosphatidylcholine

PP:

Phloem parenchyma

qRT-PCR:

Quantitative real-time PCR

RT-PCR:

Reverse transcription-PCR

SE:

Sieve element

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Acknowledgments

We thank Wing-Sung Lee (Electron Microscope Unit, the University of Hong Kong) for help with EM, and Dan-Ni Nie (the University of Hong Kong) for phloem exudate collection. This work was supported by the Wilson and Amelia Wong Endowment Fund and the Research Grants Council of Hong Kong (HKU765813M). ZWY was supported by a University Postgraduate Fellowship, THH, QFC and YLS by HKU Postgraduate Studentships, and SCL by a postdoctoral fellowship. SHB was supported by NSF-IOS Grant #1144391.

Author contributions

This study was designed, directed and coordinated by MLC and EY. MLC provided the conceptual and technical guidance through the project. ZWY planned and carried out the western blot and qRT-PCR analysis, wounding experiments and immunoelectron microscopy; SCL and QFC performed the GUS-sectioning and microscopy; ZWY, THH and YLS carried out GC-MS analysis; MW and SHB contributed to the lipid analysis. The manuscript was written by ZWY and MLC and commented by all authors.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China

    Zi-Wei Ye, Shiu-Cheung Lung, Tai-Hua Hu, Qin-Fang Chen, Yung-Lee Suen, Mingfu Wang & Mee-Len Chye

  2. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA

    Susanne Hoffmann-Benning

  3. Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada

    Edward Yeung

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  1. Zi-Wei Ye
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  2. Shiu-Cheung Lung
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  9. Mee-Len Chye
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Correspondence to Mee-Len Chye.

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Accession numbers: Sequence data from this article can be obtained from the in the Arabidopsis Genome Initiative database following the accession numbers listed in Supplementary Table S2.

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Ye, ZW., Lung, SC., Hu, TH. et al. Arabidopsis acyl-CoA-binding protein ACBP6 localizes in the phloem and affects jasmonate composition. Plant Mol Biol 92, 717–730 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11103-016-0541-0

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