Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine involved in the apoptosis of many types of cells. In this study we demonstrated the effect of (suppressor of cytokine signalling-3) SOCS3 siRNA on TNF-α induced apoptosis in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes and mouse preadipocytes. 3T3-L1 preadipocytes and mouse preadipocytes were transfected with SOCS3 siRNA, and then the cells were treated with TNF-α at 100 ng/mL for 24 h. We used fluorescence microscope to observe morphological changes during apoptosis after Hoechst 33258 and PI staining. Quantitative PCR and Western blotting were used to measure the expression of apoptosis-associated gene c-myc, survivin, mcl-1, bcl-2, bax, NF-κB, and the key genes of the JAK/STAT3 pathway including SOCS1, SOCS2, JAK2, STAT3. Compared with control group, the number of cells apoptosis was decreased remarkably in SOCS3 siRNA group (P < 0.01). The expression of apoptotic suppressor genes c-myc, survivin, mcl-1, bcl-2 and NF-κB were up-regulated markedly (P < 0.01); in contrast, apoptotic gene bax was down-regulated (P < 0.05). Western blotting showed that the protein expressions of bcl-2 and NF-κB were increased remarkably (P < 0.01), while the protein expression of bax was decreased remarkably (P < 0.05). The expression of the JAK/STAT3 pathway key gene SOCS1 mRNA was down-regulated markedly (P < 0.05), but the key protein p-STAT3 was up-regulated (P < 0.05). Taken together, our data established that silenced SOCS3 can regulate the expression of apoptosis-associated genes via the JAK/STAT3 pathway, and effectively inhibit TNF-α induced apoptosis in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes and mouse preadipocytes.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Prins JB, Niesler CU, Winterford CM, Bright NA, Siddle K, Rahilly SO, Walker NI, Cameron DP (1997) Tumor necrosis factor-alpha induces apoptosis of human adipose cell. Diabetes 46(12):1939–1944
Porras A, Alvarez AM, Valladares A, Benito M (1997) TNF-α induces apoptosis in rat fetal brown adipocyte in primary culture. FEBS Lett 416(3):324–328
Qian H, Hausman DB, Compton MM, Martin RJ, Della-Fera MA, Hartzell DL, Baile CA (2001) TNF induces and insulin inhibits caspase-3 dependent adipocyte apoptosis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 284(5):1176–1183
Lin Y, Chen G, Jianxiong L, Yang G (2005) Effect of TNF-α on apoptosis of primary cultured rat preadipocyte. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica 36:823–827 (in Chinese)
Naka T, Narazaki M, Hirata M, Matsumoto T, Minamoto S, Aono A, Nishmoto N, Taga T, Yoshizaki K, Akira S (1997) Structure and function of a new STAT-induced STAT inhibitor. Nature 387:924–929
Starr R, Willson TA, Viney EM, Murray LL, Rayney JR, Jenkins BJ, Gonda TJ, Alexander WS, Metcalf D, Nicola NA (1997) A family of cytokine-induciable inhibitors of signaling. Nature 387:917–921
Krebs DL, Hilton DJ (2001) SOCS protein: negative regulators of cytokine signaling. Stem Cells 19:378–387
Wormald S, Hilton DJ (2004) Inhibitors of cytokine signal transduction. J Biol Chem 279:821–824
He B, You L, Uematsu K, Zang K, Xu ZD, Lee AY, Costello JF, Mccormick F, Jablons DM (2003) SOCS-3 is frequently silenced by hypermethylation and suppresses cell growth in human lung cancer. Proc Natl Acad Sci 100:14133–14138
Lin F, Cui Q, Qian C (2008) Construction of the oncolytic adenovirus carrying human SOCS3 gene and investigation of its anti-tumor activity in vitro. J Zhejiang Sci-Tech Univ 25:106–112 (in Chinses)
Haruta T, Uno T, Kawahara J, Takano A, Egawa K, Olefsky PM, Kobayashi M (2000) A rapamycin-sensitive pathway down-regulates insulin signaling via phosphorylation and proteasomal degradation of insulin receptor substrate-1. Mol Endocrinol 14:783–794
Takano A, Usui I, Haruta T, Kawahara J, Uno T, Lwata M, Kobayashi M (2001) Mammalian target of rapamycin pathway regulates insulin signaling via subcellular redistribution of insulin receptor substrate 1 and integrates nutritional signals and metabolic signals of insulin. Mol Cell Biol 21:5050–5062
Livak KJ, Schmittgen TD (2001) Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2 − ΔΔCT method. Methods 25:402–408
Frobøse H, Ronn SG, Heding PE, Mendoza H, Conhen P, Poulen TM, Billestrup N (2006) Suppressor of cytokine signaling-3 inhibits interleukin-1 signaling by targeting the TRAF-6/TAK1 complex. Mol Endocrinol (Baltimore, MD) 20:1587–1596
Cohen JJ, Duke RC, Fadok VA, Sellins KS (1992) Apoptosis and programmed cell death in immunity. Annu Rev Immunol 10:267–293
Alkhouri N, Gornicka A, Berk MP, Thapaliya S, Dixon LJ, Kashyap S, Schauer PR, Feldstein AE (2010) Adipocyte apoptosis, a link between obesity, insulin resistance, and hepatic steatosis. J Biol Chem 285:3428–3438
Fang Y, Xia HM, Sun J, Huang PL (2010) Effects of TNFα on proliferation and apoptosis of mouse adrenal cortex cell line Y1. J Sout Heast Univ (Med Sci Edi) 29:81–85
Wang Q, Chen XY, Luo ZY, Zhao H (2008) Effects of EGCG on regulating NF-κB/p65 induced by TNF-α and on inducing apoptosis, China. Oncology 18:6–10 (in Chinese)
Chao Sun, Zhouwen Wei, Yan Li (2010) DHA regulates lipogenesis and lipolysis genes in mice adipose and liver. Mol Biol Rep 38(2):731–737
Sun C, Qi RL, Wang L, Yan J, Yong W (2012) p38 MAPK regulates calcium signal-mediated lipid accumulation through changing VDR expression in primary preadipocytes of mice. Mol Biol Rep 39(3):3179–3184
Tischoff I, Hengge UR, Vieth M, Ell C, Stolte M, Weber A, Schmidt WE, Tannapfel A (2007) Methylation of SOCS-3 and SOCS-1 in the carcinogenesis of Barrett’s adenocarcinoma. Gut 56:1047–1053
Isomoto H, Mott JL, Kobayashi S, Werneburg NW, Bronk SF, Haan S, Gores GJ (2007) Sustained IL-6/STAT-3 signaling in cholangiocarcinoma cells due to SOCS-3 epigenetic silencing. Gastroenterology 132:384–396
Weber A, Hengge UR, Bardenheuer W, Tischoff I, Sommerer F, Markwarth A, Dietz A, Wittekind C, Tannapfel A (2005) SOCS-3 is frequently methylated in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma and its precursor lesions and causes growth inhibition. Oncogene 24:6699–6708
Oba T, Yasukawa H, Sasaki KI (2009) Cardiac-specific deletion of SOCS3 prevented myocardial apoptosis after acute myocardial infarction through inhibiting mitochondrial damage. J Cardiac Fail 15:S151
Yu ZB, Bai L, Qian P (2009) Restoration of SOCS3 suppresses human lung adenocarcinoma cell growth by downregulating activation of Erk1/2, Akt apart from STAT3. Cell Biol Int 33:995–1001
Brender C, Nielsen M, Kaltoft K, Mikkelsen G, Zhang Q, Wasik M, Billestrup N, Odum N (2001) STAT3-mediated constitutive expression of SOCS-3 in cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. Blood 97:1056–1062
Sakai I, Takeuchi K, Yamauchi H, Narumi H, Fujita S (2002) Constitutive expression of SOCS3 confers resistance to IFN-alpha in chronic myelogenous leukemia cells. Blood 100:2926–2931
Mishral KK, Guptal S, Ghosal K (2010) Novel role of SOCS3 molecules in neural cells survival and differentiation. Clin Neurophysiol 121:238
Bruun C, Heding PE, Rųnn SG, Frobose H, Rhodes CJ, Poulsen TM, Billestrup N (2009) Suppressor of cytokine signalling-3 inhibits tumor necrosis factor-alpha induced apoptosis and signalling in beta cells. Mol Cell Endocrinol 311:32–38
Sun X, Zhang J, Wang L, Tian Z (2008) Growth inhibition of human hepatocellular carcinoma cells by blocking STAT3 activation with decoy-ODN. Cancer Lett 262:201–213
Onishi A, Chen Q, Humtsoe JO, Kramer RH (2008) STAT3 signaling is induced by intercellular adhesion in squamous cell carcinoma cells. Exp Cell Res 314:377–386
Nikitakis NG, Scheper MA, Papanikolaou VS, Sauk JJ (2009) The oncogenic effects of constitutive Stat3 signaling in salivary gland cancer cells are mediated by survivin and modulated by the NSAID sulindac. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 107:826–836
Sun C, Wang L, Yan J, Liu S (2012) Calcium ameliorates obesity induced by high-fat diet and its potential correlation with p38 MAPK pathway. Mol Biol Rep 39(2):1755–1763
Lee H, Herrmann A, Deng JH, Kujawaki M, Niu G, Li Z, Forman S, Jove R, Pardoll DM, Yu H (2009) Persistently activated Stat3 maintains constitutive NF-kB activity in tumors. Cancer Cell 15:283–293
Grivennikov SI, Karin MI (2010) Dangerous liaisons: STAT3 and NF-kB collaboration and crosstalk in cancer. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 21:11–19
Acknowledgments
This work was supported by a grant from The National Nature Science Foundation of China (30871785, 31172185) and the New Century Excellent Researcher Award Program (No. NCET-06-0865).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Zhao, X., Qi, R., Sun, C. et al. Silencing SOCS3 could inhibit TNF-α induced apoptosis in 3T3-L1 and mouse preadipocytes. Mol Biol Rep 39, 8853–8860 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11033-012-1749-y
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11033-012-1749-y