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A numerical study of effects of ridge-weathering and ridge-shape-ratio on the ground motion characteristics

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Abstract

This paper presents the combined effects of ridge-weathering and ridge-shape-ratio on the ground motion amplification and differential ground motion (DGM) along the ridge-flanks. Forth-order-accurate staggered-grid finite-difference (FD) programs have been used for the simulation of SH-wave and P-SV wave viscoelastic responses of various ridge-models. The incorporation of realistic damping in the time-domain FD simulation is based on the GMB-EK rheological model (Emmerich and Korn Geophys 52:1252–1264, 1987). An increase of average spectral amplification (ASA) of the SH-wave with an increase of the shape-ratio was obtained in both the cases of weathered and non-weathered ridges. However, in case of the SV-wave, a decrease of ASA with an increase of shape-ratio was obtained in both the cases of weathered and non-weathered ridges, except in the vertical component of the non-weathered ridge-models. It is concluded that the overall amplification of the SV-wave is larger than the SH-wave in both the cases of the weathered and non-weathered ridge-models. This finding corroborates with the presumption of Geli et al. (Bull Seism Soc Am 78:42–63, 1988). An increase of DGM developed by the SH-wave on the non-weathered ridge-models with an increase of shape-ratio was obtained but reverse was the case on the weathered ridge-models. But, in case of the P-SV wave, there is decrease of DGM with an increase of shape-ratio in both the weathered and non-weathered ridge-models. Further, the largest DGM was very near the base of the weathered ridges in both the SH- and P-SV wave cases. Based on the analysis of ASA and DGM, it may be concluded that the damage on a weathered ridge can be more than that on the non-weathered ridge. Further, if there is matching of wavelength causing largest DGM with the size of structures, it may cause more damage near the base of a weathered ridge.

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Acknowledgments

The first author is grateful to the Ministry of Earth Sciences, New Delhi and Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, New Delhi for the financial assistance through Grant Numbers MES-484-EQD and CSR-569-EQD, respectively.

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  1. Department of Earthquake Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, 247667, India

    J. P. Narayan & Vinay Kumar

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  1. J. P. Narayan
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  2. Vinay Kumar
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Correspondence to J. P. Narayan.

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Narayan, J.P., Kumar, V. A numerical study of effects of ridge-weathering and ridge-shape-ratio on the ground motion characteristics. J Seismol 19, 83–104 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10950-014-9452-1

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