Abstract
Objective
Intravascular volume loading is used to optimize cardiac output in children following weaning from cardiopulmonary bypass. Central venous pressure (CVP) is frequently used to titrate fluid administration but it is often misleading in predicting fluid responsiveness. Variation in the arterial pressure waveform is exaggerated in patients with deficient intravascular volume and has been shown to be a good predictor of fluid responsiveness in adults following cardiac surgery. The aim of this study was to compare the measures of variation in blood pressure as a guide to volume loading in children following cardiopulmonary bypass.
Methods
After ethical approval, we collected continuous real-time measurements from 25 children during volume loading after cardiopulmonary bypass. Subjects with moderate or severe tricuspid incompetence␣or␣who did not require volume loading during weaning from cardiopulmonary bypass were excluded from the study. Unstable readings were excluded from analysis. Systolic Pressure Variation (SPV), Pulse Pressure Variation (PPV) and Systolic Volume Variation (SVV) were retrospectively calculated before and after␣each bolus of fluid. Fluid responsiveness was classified as␣a␣change in blood pressure of ≥80 mmHg/L/m2.
Results
Forty-four boluses were analyzed from the 25 children. Respiratory variables were similar. CVP was a poor predictor of fluid responsiveness and a negative relationship between change in blood pressure and ΔDown was observed. Performance in predicting fluid responsiveness as measured by the areas under the ROC curves were CVP (0.58), PPV (0.67), SPV (0.74) and SVV (0.74).
Conclusions
Variation in blood pressure was a better guide to volume loading in children than CVP. Δdown was not useful in predicting fluid responsiveness in children with open chests following bypass surgery. SPV and SVV require further testing in prospective clinical trials.
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Acknowledgments
Presented in part at the Society for Technology in Anesthesia Meeting in 2006. HT supported by the Natural Sciences and␣Engineering Research Council of Canada and JMA by a Canadian Anesthesiologists’ Society Career Scientist Award. We would like to thank the faculty of the Department of Anesthesia at British Columbia Children’s Hospital and all the staff in the cardiac operating room for assistance with data collection. Thanks to Natasha McCartney for editorial assistance.
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Henry T, Froese N,Dumont G, Lim J, Ansermino JM. Variation in blood pressure as a guide to volume loading in children following cardiopulmonary bypass.
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Tran, H., Froese, N., Dumont, G. et al. Variation in Blood Pressure as a Guide to Volume Loading in Children Following Cardiopulmonary Bypass. J Clin Monit Comput 21, 1–6 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10877-006-9051-y
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10877-006-9051-y