Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Major effect on electrical properties and aging behavior of ZnO–Pr6O11-based varistor ceramics with small In2O3 doping changes

  • Published:
Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The effect of In2O3 doping on microstructure, electrical properties, and DC-accelerated aging behavior of the ZnO–Pr6O11-based varistor ceramics was systematically investigated. The addition of In2O3 did not significantly alter the sintered density increasing in the small range of 5.60–5.63 g/cm3 and the average grain size decreasing in the small range of 3.4–2.9 μm. However, the incorporation of In2O3 pronouncedly increased the breakdown field from 6,023 to 14,822 V/cm. Furthermore, the incorporation of In2O3 markedly improved the nonlinear coefficient (45 at 0.005 mol% In2O3) and it saliently suppressed the leakage current density (7.3 µA/cm2 at 0.005 mol% In2O3). In2O3 acted like the role of acceptor due to the donor concentration, which decreases in the range of 1.02 × 1017–0.24 × 1017 cm−3 with an increase in the content of In2O3. The ceramics added with 0.005 mol% In2O3 exhibited an excellent stability, with %ΔE1mA = 0% and %Δα = −2.2% under DC-accelerated aging stress state of 0.85 E1mA/115°C/24 h.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. L.M. Levinson, H.R. Philipp, Am. Ceram. Soc. Bull. 65, 639 (1986)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. T.K. Gupta, J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 73, 1817 (1990)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. K. Mukae, Am. Ceram. Bull. 66, 1329 (1987)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. K. Mukae, K. Tsuda, S. Shiga, IEEE Trans. Power Deliv. 3, 591 (1988)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. K. Mukae, K. Tsuda, Jpn. J. Ceram. Soc. 100, 1048 (1992)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Y.-S. Lee, T.-Y. Tseng, J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 75, 1636 (1992)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. J. Wong, J. Appl. Phys. 46, 1653 (1975)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. H.K. Varma, K.P. Kumar, K.G.K. Warrier, A.D. Damodaran, J. Mat. Sci. Lett. 8, 974 (1989)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. A.B. Alles, V.L. Burdick, J. Appl. Phys. 70, 6883 (1991)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. A.B. Alles, R. Puskas, G. Callahan, V.L. Burdick, J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 76, 2098 (1993)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Y.-S. Lee, K.-S. Liao, T.-Y. Tseng, J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 79, 2379 (1996)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. H.H. Hng, K.M. Knowles, J. Mater. Sci. 37, 143 (2002)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. H. Heng, X. Fu, Z. Fu, C. Wang, L. Qi, H. Miao, J. Alloy. Compd. 497, 304 (2010)

    Google Scholar 

  14. Z. Peng, X. Fu, Y. Zang, Z. Fu, C. Wang, L. Qi, H. Miao, J. Alloy. Compd. 508, 494 (2010)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. C.-W. Nahm, Mater. Lett. 47, 182 (2001)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. C.-W. Nahm, J.-S. Ryu, Mater. Lett. 53, 110 (2002)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. C.-W. Nahm, B.-C. Shin, Mater. Lett. 57, 1322 (2003)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. C.-W. Nahm, J.-A. Park, B.-C. Shin, I.-S. Kim, Ceram. Int. 30, 1009 (2004)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. C.-W. Nahm, Mater. Lett. 60, 3311 (2006)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. C.-W. Nahm, Solid State Commun. 141, 685 (2007)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. J.C. Wurst, J.A. Nelson, J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 55, 109 (1972)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. M. Mukae, K. Tsuda, I. Nagasawa, J. Appl. Phys. 50, 4475 (1979)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. L. Hozer, Semiconductor Ceramics: Grain Boundary Effects (Ellis Horwood, London, 1994), p. 22

  24. J. Fan, R. Freer, J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 77, 2663 (1994)

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Semiconductor Ceramics Laboratory, Department of Electrical Engineering, Dongeui University, Busan, 614-714, Korea

    Choon-W. Nahm

Authors
  1. Choon-W. Nahm
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Choon-W. Nahm.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Nahm, CW. Major effect on electrical properties and aging behavior of ZnO–Pr6O11-based varistor ceramics with small In2O3 doping changes. J Mater Sci: Mater Electron 23, 1715–1721 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-012-0652-6

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-012-0652-6

Keywords

Search

Navigation