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Biofiltering efficiency, uptake and assimilation rates of Ulva clathrata (Roth) J. Agardh (Clorophyceae) cultivated in shrimp aquaculture waste water

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Abstract

The growth, biofiltering efficiency and uptake rates of Ulva clathrata were studied in a series of outdoor tanks, receiving waste water directly from a shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) aquaculture pond, under constant aeration and two different water regimes: (1) continuous flow, with 1 volume exchange a day (VE day-1) and (2) static regime, with 1 VE after 4 days. Water temperature, salinity, pH, dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN), phosphate (PO4), chlorophyll-a (chl-a), total suspended solids (TSS), macroalgal biomass (fresh weight) and tissue nutrient assimilation were monitored over 12 days. Ulva clathrata was highly efficient in removing the main inorganic nutrients from effluent water, stripping 70–82% of the total ammonium nitrogen (TAN) and 50% PO4 within 15 h. Reductions in control tanks were much lower (Tukey HSD, P < 0.05). After 3 days, the mean uptake rates by the seaweed biomass under continuous flow were 3.09 mg DIN g DW day−1 (383 mg DIN m−2 day−1) and 0.13 mg PO4 g DW day−1 (99 mg PO4 m−2 day−1), being significantly higher than in the static regime (Tukey HSD, P < 0.05). The chl-a decreased in seaweed tanks, suggesting that U. clathrata inhibited phytoplankton growth. Correlations between the cumulative values of DIN removed from the water and total nitrogen assimilated into the seaweed biomass (r = 0.7 and 0.8, P < 0.05), suggest that nutrient removal by U. clathrata dominated over other processes such as phytoplankton and bacterial assimilation, ammonia volatilization and nutrient precipitation.

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Acknowledgments

The authors are grateful to Carcibras Farm, for the availability of space, infrastructure and staff support given during experiments; to Aquaculture Marine Station, Hydrochemistry Laboratory, Laboratory of Phytoplankton and Marine Microorganisms Ecology (all from Federal University of Rio Grande), for technical and scientific support; to R. Pollery (University of Santa Ursula, Brazil), for the water chemical analysis; to M.O. Lanari and A. Rodrigues, for helping during experiments. Thanks to A. Neori and an anonymous reviewer for many contributions and substantial improvements to the manuscript. This research was supported by Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Rio Grande do Sul (ARD 03/0120.1 and BIC 0550574, Fapergs, Brazil) and Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (PRODOC 117/2003, CAPES, Brazil), granted to M. Copertino.

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    Margareth da Silva Copertino, Thiago Tormena & Ulrich Seeliger

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Copertino, M.S., Tormena, T. & Seeliger, U. Biofiltering efficiency, uptake and assimilation rates of Ulva clathrata (Roth) J. Agardh (Clorophyceae) cultivated in shrimp aquaculture waste water. J Appl Phycol 21, 31–45 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10811-008-9357-x

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