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Comprehensive Comparison of Self-administered Questionnaires for Measuring Quantitative Autistic Traits in Adults

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Abstract

We comprehensively compared all available questionnaires for measuring quantitative autistic traits (QATs) in terms of reliability and construct validity in 3,147 non-clinical and 60 clinical subjects with normal intelligence. We examined four full-length forms, the Subthreshold Autism Trait Questionnaire (SATQ), the Broader Autism Phenotype Questionnaire, the Social Responsiveness Scale2-Adult Self report (SRS2-AS), and the Autism-Spectrum Quotient (AQ). The SRS2-AS and the AQ each had several short forms that we also examined, bringing the total to 11 forms. Though all QAT questionnaires showed acceptable levels of test–retest reliability, the AQ and SRS2-AS, including their short forms, exhibited poor internal consistency and discriminant validity, respectively. The SATQ excelled in terms of classical test theory and due to its short length.

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Acknowledgments

This study was supported by the Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research (Basic Research B: No. 22300095, Basic Research C: No. 24590807 and No. 23591723) from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology in Japan. The authors would like to thank the following people for their assistance with data collection: Dr. Taishi Miyachi, Dr. Masayuki Imaeda, Dr. Atsuro Yamada, Dr. Takao Maeda, Dr. Susumu Adachi, Dr. Hiroshi Hirai, and Dr. Chiho Goto. They also thank Prof. John N. Constantino and Dr. Christian P. Gruber for their useful and constructive comments.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Public Health, Aichi Medical University, 1-1 Yazako, Nagakute, Aichi, 480-1195, Japan

    Takeshi Nishiyama

  2. Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan

    Masako Suzuki

  3. Department of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing, Nagoya City University School of Nursing, Nagoya, Japan

    Katsunori Adachi

  4. Department of Pediatrics, Nagoya Western Rehabilitation Center for Children with Disabilities, Nagoya, Japan

    Satoshi Sumi

  5. Department of Psychology, Senshu University, Tokyo, Japan

    Kensuke Okada

  6. Laboratory of Biometry and Bioinformatics, Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan

    Hirohisa Kishino

  7. Department of Child Development, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan

    Saeko Sakai

  8. Department of Child and Adolescent Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan

    Yoko Kamio

  9. Department of Public Health, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan

    Masayo Kojima & Sadao Suzuki

  10. Department of Health Psychology, Thompson Center for Autism and Neurodevelopmental Disorders, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO, USA

    Stephen M. Kanne

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  1. Takeshi Nishiyama
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Supplementary Text (DOC 32 kb)

Supplementary Table 1 (DOC 36 kb)

Supplementary Table 2 (DOC 38 kb)

Supplementary Table 3 (DOC 42 kb)

Supplementary Table 4 (DOC 73 kb)

Supplementary Table 5 (DOC 57 kb)

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Supplementary Table 11 (DOC 48 kb)

10803_2013_2020_MOESM13_ESM.tif

Distribution and Q-Q plots of scores from the SRS2-AS short forms according to disease status. (Supplementary Figure 1, TIFF 15005 kb)

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Distribution and Q-Q plot of scores from the AQ short forms according to disease status. (Supplementary Figure 2, TIFF 39461 kb)

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ROC curves for the four full-scale questionnaires of autistic traits to discriminate ASD patients from non-ASD controls. (Supplementary Figure 3, TIFF 39 kb)

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ROC curves for the SRS2-AS and its abridged forms to discriminate ASD patients from non-ASD controls. (Supplementary Figure 4, TIFF 36 kb)

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ROC curves for the AQ and its abridged forms to discriminate ASD patients from non-ASD controls. (Supplementary Figure 5, TIFF 43 kb)

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Nishiyama, T., Suzuki, M., Adachi, K. et al. Comprehensive Comparison of Self-administered Questionnaires for Measuring Quantitative Autistic Traits in Adults. J Autism Dev Disord 44, 993–1007 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-013-2020-7

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