Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

No Association Between Serum Adenosine Deaminase Activity and Disease Activity in Crohn’s Disease

  • Original Article
  • Published:
Digestive Diseases and Sciences Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Background

Adenosine deaminase activity is proposed as a marker of inflammation in some inflammatory conditions.

Aims

To investigate the association of serum adenosine deaminase activity and disease activity in Crohn’s disease patients.

Methods

In a cross-sectional study, 30 consecutive known cases of Crohn’s disease (15 with active disease and 15 in remission) referring to a university hospital in Tehran (Iran) and 15 age- and gender-matched healthy controls were studied. Disease activity was assessed using the Crohn’s disease activity index (cutoff >150). Total serum adenosine deaminase activity, C-reactive protein, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and fecal calprotectin were evaluated in patients. Serum adenosine deaminase activity was measured in controls.

Results

Mean age of the patients was 36.8 ± 12.6 years, and 56.7 % were male. Serum adenosine deaminase activity in patients with active disease, patients in remission, and controls was 12.3 ± 5.9, 14.6 ± 6.2, and 11.9 ± 6.4 U/L, respectively (P = 0.458). Compared with patients in remission, those with active disease had higher erythrocyte sedimentation rate (40.4 ± 30.6 vs. 16.9 ± 16.0 mm/h, P = 0.014) and higher frequency of positive C-reactive protein (66.6 vs. 13.3 %, P = 0.004) and positive fecal calprotectin tests (86.6 vs. 33.3 %, P = 0.004). Serum adenosine deaminase activity was not correlated with erythrocyte sedimentation rate (r = 0.05, P = 0.761) and was not different between patients with positive and negative C-reactive protein (12.2 ± 5.4 vs. 14.2 ± 6.5 U/L, P = 0.393) and fecal calprotectin tests (11.7 ± 5.3 vs. 16.0 ± 6.5 U/L, P = 0.063).

Conclusions

In patients with Crohn’s disease, serum adenosine deaminase activity is not associated with clinical disease activity or with other inflammation markers and cannot be suggested as an inflammation marker.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Abraham C, Cho JH. Inflammatory bowel disease. N Engl J Med. 2009;361:2066–2078.

    Article  PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Nikolaus S, Schreiber S. Diagnostics of inflammatory bowel disease. Gastroenterology. 2007;133:1670–1689.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Mowat C, Cole A, Windsor A, et al. Guidelines for the management of inflammatory bowel disease in adults. Gut. 2011;60:571–607.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Vermeire S, Van AG, Rutgeerts P. Laboratory markers in IBD: useful, magic, or unnecessary toys? Gut. 2006;55:426–431.

    Article  PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Best WR, Becktel JM, Singleton JW, et al. Development of a Crohn’s disease activity index. National Cooperative Crohn’s Disease Study. Gastroenterology. 1976;70:439–444.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Walmsley RS, Ayres RC, Pounder RE, et al. A simple clinical colitis activity index. Gut. 1998;43:29–32.

    Article  PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Denis MA, Reenaers C, Fontaine F, et al. Assessment of endoscopic activity index and biological inflammatory markers in clinically active Crohn’s disease with normal C-reactive protein serum level. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2007;13:1100–1105.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Sipponen T, Savilahti E, Kolho KL, et al. Crohn’s disease activity assessed by fecal calprotectin and lactoferrin: correlation with Crohn’s disease activity index and endoscopic findings. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2008;14:40–46.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Efthymiou A, Viazis N, Mantzaris G, et al. Does clinical response correlate with mucosal healing in patients with Crohn’s disease of the small bowel? A prospective, case-series study using wireless capsule endoscopy. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2008;14:1542–1547.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Regueiro M, Kip KE, Schraut W, et al. Crohn’s disease activity index does not correlate with endoscopic recurrence one year after ileocolonic resection. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2011;17:118–126.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Schoepfer AM, Beglinger C, Straumann A, et al. Ulcerative colitis: correlation of the Rachmilewitz endoscopic activity index with fecal calprotectin, clinical activity, C-reactive protein, and blood leukocytes. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2009;15:1851–1858.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Schoepfer AM, Beglinger C, Straumann A, et al. Fecal calprotectin correlates more closely with the Simple Endoscopic Score for Crohn’s disease (SES-CD) than CRP, blood leukocytes, and the CDAI. Am J Gastroenterol. 2010;105:162–169.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. van Rheenen PF. Role of fecal calprotectin testing to predict relapse in teenagers with inflammatory bowel disease who report full disease control. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2012;18:2018–2025.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Schoepfer AM, Beglinger C, Straumann A, et al. Fecal calprotectin more accurately reflects endoscopic activity of ulcerative colitis than the Lichtiger Index, C-reactive protein, platelets, hemoglobin, and blood leukocytes. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2013;19:332–341.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Fefferman DS, Farrell RJ. Endoscopy in inflammatory bowel disease: indications, surveillance, and use in clinical practice. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2005;3:11–24.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Kopylov U, Rosenfeld G, Bressler B, et al. Clinical utility of fecal biomarkers for the diagnosis and management of inflammatory bowel disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2014;20:742–756.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Lin JF, Chen JM, Zuo JH, et al. Meta-analysis: fecal calprotectin for assessment of inflammatory bowel disease activity. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2014;20:1407–1415.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Keohane J, O’Mahony C, O’Mahony L, et al. Irritable bowel syndrome-type symptoms in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: a real association or reflection of occult inflammation? Am J Gastroenterol. 2010;105:1788–1794.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Antonioli L, Colucci R, La MC, et al. Adenosine deaminase in the modulation of immune system and its potential as a novel target for treatment of inflammatory disorders. Curr Drug Targets. 2012;13:842–862.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Cronstein BN. Adenosine, an endogenous anti-inflammatory agent. J Appl Physiol. 1994;76:5–13.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Sari RA, Taysi S, Yilmaz O, et al. Correlation of serum levels of adenosine deaminase activity and its isoenzymes with disease activity in rheumatoid arthritis. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2003;21:87–90.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Saghiri R, Ghashghai N, Movaseghi S, et al. Serum adenosine deaminase activity in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: a study based on ADA1 and ADA2 isoenzymes pattern. Rheumatol Int. 2012;32:1633–1638.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Cakal B, Beyazit Y, Koklu S, et al. Elevated adenosine deaminase levels in celiac disease. J Clin Lab Anal. 2010;24:323–326.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Ibis M, Koklu S, Yilmaz FM, et al. Serum adenosine deaminase levels in pancreatic diseases. Pancreatology. 2007;7:526–530.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Hitoglou S, Hatzistilianou M, Gougoustamou D, et al. Adenosine deaminase activity and its isoenzyme pattern in patients with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus. Clin Rheumatol. 2001;20:411–416.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Maor I, Rainis T, Lanir A, et al. Adenosine deaminase activity in patients with Crohn’s disease: distinction between active and nonactive disease. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2011;23:598–602.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Beyazit Y, Koklu S, Tas A, et al. Serum adenosine deaminase activity as a predictor of disease severity in ulcerative colitis. J Crohns Colitis. 2012;6:102–107.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Giusti G, Galanti B. Colorimetric method. In: Bergmeyer HU, ed. Methods of enzymatic analysis. Weinheim: Verlag Chemie; 1984:315–323.

    Google Scholar 

  29. Daperno M, Castiglione F, de Ridder L, et al. Results of the 2nd part Scientific Workshop of the ECCO. II: measures and markers of prediction to achieve, detect, and monitor intestinal healing in inflammatory bowel disease. J Crohns Colitis. 2011;5:484–498.

  30. Schoepfer AM, Vavricka S, Zahnd-Straumann N, et al. Monitoring inflammatory bowel disease activity: clinical activity is judged to be more relevant than endoscopic severity or biomarkers. J Crohns Colitis.. 2012;6:412–418.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. van Rheenen PF. Van d, V, Fidler V. Faecal calprotectin for screening of patients with suspected inflammatory bowel disease: diagnostic meta-analysis. BMJ. 2010;341:c3369.

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Lewis JD. The utility of biomarkers in the diagnosis and therapy of inflammatory bowel disease. Gastroenterology. 2011;140:1817–1826.

    Article  PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Abraham BP, Kane S. Fecal markers: calprotectin and lactoferrin. Gastroenterol Clin North Am. 2012;41:483–495.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. Waugh N, Cummins E, Royle P, et al. Faecal calprotectin testing for differentiating amongst inflammatory and non-inflammatory bowel diseases: systematic review and economic evaluation. Health Technol Assess. 2013;17:xv–xix, 1–211.

  35. Frode TS, Medeiros YS. Myeloperoxidase and adenosine-deaminase levels in the pleural fluid leakage induced by carrageenan in the mouse model of pleurisy. Mediators Inflamm. 2001;10:223–227.

    Article  PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. Zavialov AV, Gracia E, Glaichenhaus N, et al. Human adenosine deaminase 2 induces differentiation of monocytes into macrophages and stimulates proliferation of T helper cells and macrophages. J Leukoc Biol. 2010;88:279–290.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. Zamani B, Jamali R, Jamali A. Serum adenosine deaminase may predict disease activity in rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatol Int. 2012;32:1967–1975.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  38. Ye JH, Rajendran VM. Adenosine: an immune modulator of inflammatory bowel diseases. World J Gastroenterol. 2009;15:4491–4498.

    Article  PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  39. Antonioli L, Fornai M, Colucci R, et al. Inhibition of adenosine deaminase attenuates inflammation in experimental colitis. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2007;322:435–442.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

This study is supported by the Tehran University of Medical Sciences. The sponsor had no role in the study design, the collection, analysis and interpretation of data, writing of the manuscript, or the decision to submit the manuscript for publication. Authors contributions were as follows: MS and NED participated in study design, data collection, and editing the manuscript. AGh did data analysis and prepared the manuscript draft. All authors studied, revised, and approved the final version of manuscript.

Conflict of interest

None.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Internal Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Mahmoud Sajjadi

  2. Poursina Hakim Research Institute, Isfahan, Iran

    Ali Gholamrezaei

  3. Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Keshavarz Ave., 1419733141, Tehran, Iran

    Nasser Ebrahimi Daryani

Authors
  1. Mahmoud Sajjadi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Ali Gholamrezaei
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Nasser Ebrahimi Daryani
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Nasser Ebrahimi Daryani.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Sajjadi, M., Gholamrezaei, A. & Daryani, N.E. No Association Between Serum Adenosine Deaminase Activity and Disease Activity in Crohn’s Disease. Dig Dis Sci 60, 1755–1760 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10620-014-3510-y

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10620-014-3510-y

Keywords

Search

Navigation