Abstract
The numerical simulation of the in-cylinder flow of a realistic Diesel engine is presented. Over the past three decades most of the CFD research for internal combustion engines (ICE) has been carried out using the Reynolds Averaged Navier Stokes (RANS) approach. Despite the achievements obtained in engine design, numerical investigations with RANS models can only give insight into the mean behaviour of the in-cylinder flow. By contrast, Large–Eddy Simulation (LES) allows a better description of the in-cylinder flow motion and gives access to the cycle-to-cycle variations. Multi-cycle simulations of a motored case using LES and a hybrid LES/RANS approach are compared against experimental data and results obtained with a RANS methodology. The cycle-to-cycle variations in global in-cylinder characteristics such as pressure, swirl number and tumble number are reported and an analysis of the in-cylinder flow for each stroke of the engine cycle is presented. The interaction between spray and turbulence is also analysed with closed-chamber simulations. The effects of the hybrid RANS/LES approach on mixing of the vapour phase of the fuel is described and compared to the results obtained with a standard RANS approach. This work gives an insight into the numerical simulation of Diesel engine and illustrates some of the advantages of the LES methodology over RANS. The trade-off between computational cost and details in the flow description using a hybrid RANS/LES approach is discussed.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Bai, C., Gosman, A.D.: Development of methodology for spray impingement simulation. SAE Technical Paper, vol. 950283 (1995)
Borée, J., Manuel, S., Bazile, R.: Disruption of a compressed vortex. Phys. Fluids 14, 2543–2556 (2002)
CD-adapco: STAR-CD, Version 4.12—Methodology. CD adapco Group (2009)
Celik, I., Klein, M., Janicka, J.: Assessment measures for engineering LES applications. J. Fluids Eng. 131(031102), 1–10 (2009)
Celik, I., Yavuz, I., Smirnov, A.: Large–Eddy simulations of in-cylinder turbulence for internal combustion engines: a review. Int. J. Engine Res. 2, 119–148 (2001)
Constantinescu, G., Pacheco, R., Squires, K.: Detached-Eddy simulation of flow over a sphere. In: AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting 2002. Reno, Nevada (2002)
Dugué, V., Gauchet, N., Veynante, D.: Applicability of Large–Eddy simulation to the fluid mechanics in a real engine configuration by means of an industrial code. In: SAE World Congress, vol. 2006-01-1194. SAE International (2006)
Dulbecco, A.: Modeling of Diesel HCCI combustion and its Impact on Pollutant Emissions Applied to Global Engine System Simulation. Ph.D. thesis, Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse (2010)
Elghobashi, S.: On predicting particle laden turbulent flows. Appl. Sci. Res. 52, 309–329 (1994)
Elghobashi, S., Truesdell, G.C.: Direct simulation of particle dispersion in a decaying isotropic turbulence. J. Fluid Mech. 242, 655–700 (1992)
Goryntsev, D., Sadiki, A., Klein, M., Janicka, J.: Large–Eddy simulation based analysis of the effects of cycle-to-cycle variations on air-fuel mixing in realistic DISI IC-engines. Proc. Comb. Inst. 32 II, 2759–2766 (2009)
Goryntsev, D., Sadiki, A., Klein, M., Janicka, J.: Analysis of cyclic variations of liquid fuel-air mixing processes in a realistic DISI IC-engine using Large–Eddy simulation. Int. J. Heat Fluid Flow 31(5), 845–849 (2010)
Hasse, C., Sohm, V., Durst, B.: Detached Eddy simulation of cyclic large scale fluctuations in a simplified engine setup. Int. J. Heat Fluid Flow 30, 32–43 (2009)
Haworth, D.C.: Large–Eddy simulation of in-cylinder flows. Oil Gas Sci. Technol. 54, 175–185 (1999)
Haworth, D.C., Jansen, K.: Large–Eddy simulation on unstructured deforming meshes: towards reciprocating IC engines. Comput. Fluids 29, 493–524 (2000)
Heywood, J.B.: Internal Combustion Engine Fundamentals. McGraw-Hill International (1988)
Huijnen, V., Somers, L., Baert, R., Goey, L.D., Olbricht, C., Sadiki, A., Janicka, J.: Study of turbulent flow structures of a practical steady engine head flow using Large–Eddy simulation. J. Fluid Eng.-T ASME 128, 1181–1191 (2006)
Jagues, K., Jiag, X., Dober, G., Greees, G., Milanovic, N., Zhao, H.: Assessment of Large–Eddy simulation feasibility in modelling the unsteady diesel fuel injection and mixing in a high-speed direct-injection engine. Proc. IMechE Comp. 223, 1033–1048 (2009)
Jhavar, R., Rutland, C.J.: Using Large–Eddy simulations to study mixing effects in early injection diesel engine combustion. SAE Technical Paper, vol. 2006-01-0871 (2006)
Kaario, O., Pokela, H., Tiainen, J., Larmi, M.: Numerical and experimental investigation of turbulent flows in a diesel engine. In: SAE World Congress, vol. 2003-01-1069. SAE International (2003)
Kenning, V.M., Crowe, C.T.: On the effect of particles on carrier phase turbulence in gas-particle flows. Int. J. Multiph. Flow 23, 403–408 (1997)
Maureau, V., on, I., Angelberger, C., Poinsot, T.: Towards Large–Eddy simulation in internal-combustion engine: simulation of a compressed tumble flow. SAE Technical Paper, vol. 2004-01-1995 (2004)
Naitoh, K., Kuwahara, K.: Large–Eddy simulation and direct simulation of compressible turbulence and combusting flows in engines based on bi-scales method. Fluid Dyn. Res. 10, 299–325 (1992)
Pischinger, S., Aymanns, R., Graf, M., Stapf, G., Adomeit, P.: Methods to analyse cyclic fluctuations of DISI engines. In: 8th International Congress: Engine Combustion Process, pp. 421–432. Munich, Germany (2007)
Pope, S.B.: Turbulent Flows. Cambridge University Press (2001)
Reitz, R.D., Diwakar, R.: Effect of drop breakup on fuel sprays. SAE Technical Paper, vol. 860469 (1986)
Shur, M., Spalart, P., Strelets, M., Travin, A.: Detached-Eddy simulation of an airfoil at high angle of attack. In: 4th International Symposium on Engineering Turbulence Modeling and Measurements, pp. 669–678 (1999)
Smagorinsky, J.: General circulation experiments with primitive equations. Mon. Weather Rev. 91(3), 99–164 (1963)
Snyder, W.H., Lumely, J.L.: Some measurements of particle velocity autocorrelation functions in a turbulent flow. J. Fluid Mech. 48, 41–71 (1971)
Spalart, P., Jou, W., Strelets, M., Allmaras, S.: Comments on the feasibility of LES for wings, and on a hybrid RANS/LES approach. In: First AFOSR International Conference on DNS/LES. Ruston, Louisiana (1997)
Thobois, L., Lauvergne, R., Poinsot, T.: Using LES to investigate reacting flow physics in engine design process. SAE Technical Paper, vol. 2007-01-0166 (2007)
Thobois, L., Rymer, G., Souléres, T., Poinsot, T.: Large–Eddy simulation in IC engine geometries. In: SAE Fuels & Lubricants, vol. 2004-01-1854. SAE International, Toulouse, France (2004)
Thobois, L., Rymer, G., Soulères, T., Poinsot, T., Heuvel, B.V.: Large–Eddy simulations for the prediction of aerodynamics in IC engines. J. Vehicle Design 39, 368–382 (2005)
Travin, A., Shur, M., Strelets, M., Spalart, P.: Detached-Eddy simulations past a circular cylinder. Flow Turbulence Combust. 63, 293–313 (1999)
Travin, A., Shur, M., Strelets, M., Spalart, P.: Physical and Numerical Upgrades in the Detached-Eddy Simulation of Complex Turbulent Flows, pp. 239–254. Kluwer Academic Publishers (2002)
Verzicco, R., Mohd-Yusuf, J., Orlandi, P., Haworth, D.C.: Large–Eddy simulation in complex geometric configurations using boundary body forces. AIAA J. 38, 427–433 (2000)
Wells, M.R., Stock, D.E.: The effects of crossing trajectories on the dispersion of particles in a turbulent flow. J. Fluid Mech. 136, 31–62 (1983)
Yu, R., Bai, X.S., Hildingsson, L., Hiltqvist, A., Miles, P.: Numerical and experimental investigation of turbulent flows in a diesel engine. In: SAE Technical Paper, vol. 2006-01-3436. SAE International (2006)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Bottone, F., Kronenburg, A., Gosman, D. et al. Large Eddy Simulation of Diesel Engine In-cylinder Flow. Flow Turbulence Combust 88, 233–253 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10494-011-9376-6
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10494-011-9376-6