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Chromosome diversity and evolution in tribe Lilieae (Liliaceae) with emphasis on Chinese species

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Abstract

In this paper, karyotype data of the tribe Lilieae in China were analyzed and been superimposed onto a phylogenetic framework constructed by the internal transcribed spacer to investigate the karyotype evolution. Ten parameters for analyzing karyotype asymmetry were assessed and karyotypic idiogram of five genera of Lilieae were illustrated. The results showed that, the relationship of genera in Lilieae that inferred from Maximum Parsimony criteria and Bayesian Inference were congruent with previous studies, which focused on higher level of Liliales. The karyotype showed distinctive among genera, mainly expressed on the location and amount of secondary constrictions and intercalary satellites: the genus Notholirion have neither of them, and the genera Cardiocrinum and Fritillaria have the secondary constriction alone; the genera Lilium and Nomocharis showed both features, and the distribute pattern of the intercalary satellites showed similarity among related clades. The asymmetry that assessed by several methods indicated that the evolution trend of Lilieae did not follow a single direction, but different in each genus. On the sectional level of the genus Lilium (including Nomocharis) the karyotype evolution included three major periods. Combining the chromosomal structure variations and karyotype asymmetry, the chromosome diversity and evolution in Lilieae were quite clear in the light of molecular inference.

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Acknowledgment

We thank Dr. Yan Yu for providing the karyotype analyses tool package (NucType ver. 1.10, http://mnh.scu.edu.cn/soft/blog/nuctype/) for this study. This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31070166), Doctoral Fund of Ministry of Education of China (20090181110064), the Basic Research Program from the Ministry of Science and Technology of China (Grant No. 2007FY110100) and the Research Fund for the Large-scale Scientific Facilities of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (2009-LSF-GBOWS-01).

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  1. Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, College of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China

    Yun-Dong Gao, Song-Dong Zhou, Xing-Jin He & Juan Wan

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  1. Yun-Dong Gao
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Correspondence to Song-Dong Zhou or Xing-Jin He.

Electronic supplementary material

Supplementary data: Supplementary Data is available online and consist of: (1) karyotype features based on the literatures and the present work; and (2) collection information and voucher specimen numbers; and (3) GenBank accession numbers in this work (STable 1). SFig. 1 is available to show the correlations among all asymmetry parameters in present study. Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.

SFigure 1. The scatter matrix of ten asymmetry indexes. The symbols indicated different genera (PNG 798 kb)

Supplementary material 2 (XLS 90 kb)

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Gao, YD., Zhou, SD., He, XJ. et al. Chromosome diversity and evolution in tribe Lilieae (Liliaceae) with emphasis on Chinese species. J Plant Res 125, 55–69 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10265-011-0422-1

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