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Primary migration of a mini-implant under a functional orthodontic loading

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Abstract

Objectives

The objective of this study was to examine whether cortical bone thickness and bone mineral density (BMD) can explain the primary migration of a mini-implant under a functional orthodontic tangential loading at the early stage following implantation.

Materials and methods

Mini-implants were installed in human mandibular sections. A constant tangential load (2 N) was applied to the mini-implant under hydration. Creep, which is a time-dependent viscoelastic displacement in the bone surrounding the mini-implant, was assessed as the change in displacement during 2 h of loading. The total migration was measured as a maximum displacement that combined an initial elastic displacement and creep. After removal of the mini-implant, all specimens were scanned together by cone beam computed tomography. Cortical bone thickness and BMD were measured for the bone voxels surrounding the implant site.

Results

BMD had significant correlations with the displacement parameters (p < 0.019), but the cortical bone thickness did not (p > 0.272). Permanent bone deformation adjacent to the implant was observed to be resulting from substantial creep development under the orthodontic functional loading level.

Conclusions

BMD controls the primary migration of the mini-implant system in mandibular bone. Viscoelastic creep can develop at a small constant functional loading level, leading to migration of the mini-implant.

Clinical relevance

The current results indicated that mini-implant migration can develop under the small level of functional orthodontic load used in clinic. If the active bone remodeling around the mini-implant accelerates the migration, the risk of causing damage in vital organs next to the mini-implant increases.

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Acknowledgments

We thank Tomas® for donating a portion of the mini-implants and Dr. Amanda Agnew for providing the bone specimens. This study was supported by the student research program of the College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University.

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, 4088 Postle Hall, 305W 12th, Avenue, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA

    Joseph W. Pittman, Anand Navalgund, Steve H. Byun, Albert H. Kim & Do-Gyoon Kim

  2. Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA

    Hechang Huang

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  1. Joseph W. Pittman
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  2. Anand Navalgund
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  3. Steve H. Byun
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  6. Do-Gyoon Kim
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Do-Gyoon Kim.

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Pittman, J.W., Navalgund, A., Byun, S.H. et al. Primary migration of a mini-implant under a functional orthodontic loading. Clin Oral Invest 18, 721–728 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-013-1045-9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-013-1045-9

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