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Sleep was associated with depression and anxiety status during pregnancy: a prospective longitudinal study

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Abstract

The purpose of this study was to reveal the cross-sectional and longitudinal association of sleep with depression and anxiety among Chinese pregnant women. Pregnant women were recruited in Zhoushan Pregnant Women Cohort at Zhoushan Maternal and Child Care Hospital from 2011 to 2015. Self-rating depression scales (SDS) and self-rating anxiety scales (SAS) were used for evaluating depression and anxiety status at each trimester; corresponding sleep quality and duration were reported by pregnant women. Ordinary or multilevel linear and logistic regression model were used to estimate the cross-sectional or longitudinal association of sleep with depression and anxiety. The prevalence rates were 35.64, 24.23, and 26.24% for depression and 22.57, 17.41, and 21.04% for anxiety at 1st (T1), 2nd (T2), and 3rd trimester (T3), respectively. Controlling for potential confounders, it revealed significant cross-sectional and longitudinal associations of sleep with depression and anxiety status. In cross-sectional analysis, women who slept less than 8 h/day had higher risk of depression (T1: OR (95%CI) = 1.75 (1.39, 2.20); T2: 1.52 (1.26, 2.05); T3: 1.60 (1.18, 2.05)) and anxiety (T1: 2.00 (1.57, 2.55); T2: 1.86 (1.37, 2.54); T3: 1.33 (0.99, 1.79)). In the longitudinal analysis, multilevel model revealed that women with subjective “fair” or “bad” sleep quality had elevated risk of depression (OR ranging from 1.54 to 3.71) and anxiety (2.38 to 7.53) during pregnancy. Prenatal depression and anxiety status were prevalent in pregnant women. Sleep quality was associated with depression and anxiety status in both cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses, implying that improving sleep quality should benefit for mental health of pregnant women.

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Acknowledgements

We thank for the support from participants and their families. Our appreciation also goes out to all the staff of Zhoushan Maternal and Child Care Hospital.

Contribution

WJ developed the initial idea and designed the study. YY, ML, LP, SW, JW, LR, SJ, ZW were responsible for the data and sample collection. LP, JW, LR, SW, SJ, ZW were responsible for the quality control. YY and ML conducted the statistical analysis. ML wrote the manuscript and YY revise it. All authors contributed to the interpretation of the results and were involved in preparing the final manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, School of medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China

    Yunxian Yu, Minchao Li, Shuojia Wang, Shuying Jiang & Zhaopin Wang

  2. Zhoushan Maternal and Child Care Hospital, Zhoushan, Zhejiang, 316000, China

    Liuyan Pu, Jinhua Wu, Lingli Ruan & Wen Jiang

Authors
  1. Yunxian Yu
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  2. Minchao Li
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  3. Liuyan Pu
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  4. Shuojia Wang
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  5. Jinhua Wu
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  6. Lingli Ruan
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  7. Shuying Jiang
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  8. Zhaopin Wang
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  9. Wen Jiang
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Wen Jiang.

Ethics declarations

The Zhoushan Pregnant Women Cohort (ZPWC) was approved by the institutional review board of School of Medicine in Zhejiang University, which was conducted in Zhoushan Maternal and Child Care Hospital from 2011.

Conflicts of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Funding

This work was funded by grants from Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province in China (Grant No.: LY14H260003 and Y20100505).

Ethical approval

All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional review board of Zhejiang University School of Medicine and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.

Informed consent

Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.

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Yu, Y., Li, M., Pu, L. et al. Sleep was associated with depression and anxiety status during pregnancy: a prospective longitudinal study. Arch Womens Ment Health 20, 695–701 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00737-017-0754-5

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00737-017-0754-5

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