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Phylogenetic analysis and taxonomic position of section Verrucosa of Panicum and its relationship with taxa of the Sacciolepis–Trichanthecium clade (Poaceae: Panicoideae: Paniceae)

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Abstract

The new genus Kellochloa is proposed, on the basis of morphological and molecular characters, to include two North American species of Panicum s.l., previously classified in sect. Verrucosa: P. brachyanthum and P. verrucosum. Both species are annual, with decumbent culms branching divaricately at the lower nodes, and erect culms with terminal and axillary inflorescences. The spikelets are pilose, with lower glume 1/6 to 1/4 the length of the spikelet, upper glume and lower lemma subequal, 3–5-nerved, the lower anthecium reduced to the lower lemma, and upper anthecium indurate, with bicellular microhairs and simple papillae evenly distributed all over the lemma and palea. Molecular phylogenetic studies, analyzing plastid ndhF and rpoA sequences, confirmed that these morphological characters are differential. The phylogenetic position and taxonomic features of the new genus are established and compared with Panicum s.str. and other taxa of the Sacciolepis–Trichanthecium clade. Full synonymies and descriptions, a distribution map, illustrations of both species, and a key are provided. Two new combinations are proposed. In addition, four African ungrouped species of Panicum s.l. were, for the first time, included in the phylogenetic analysis to analyze their relationship with the new genus and its positions in the Sacciolepis–Trichanthecium clade.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Grant #11220100100207. We would like to express our deep gratitude to Fernando Zuloaga for his help, guidance, and his invaluable feedback on the manuscript. We also acknowledge Lone Aagesen for her valuable and careful suggestions on the manuscript and assistance with English editing. We thank as well Francisco Rojas and Marcelo Moreno for preparing the illustrations, and two anonymous reviewers for helpful comments on the manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Instituto de Botánica Darwinion, Labardén 200, Casilla de Correo 22, B1642HYD, San Isidro, Buenos Aires, Argentina

    M. V. Nicola, M. A. Lizarazu & M. A. Scataglini

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  1. M. V. Nicola
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  2. M. A. Lizarazu
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  3. M. A. Scataglini
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Correspondence to M. V. Nicola.

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Handling editor: Livia Wanntorp.

Appendix

Appendix

List of species used in the phylogenetic analysis including the six new vouchers, in bold, and vouchers from Zuloaga et al. (2011). Voucher information and GenBank accession numbers (ndhF, rpoA) are shown.

Tribe Andropogoneae. Zea mays U21985, X07810. Tribe Paspaleae. Anthaenantiopsis rojasiana Zuloaga 6747 AY029620, JF804815; Echinochloa chacoensis Zuloaga 8573 EF218711, JF804820; E. cruspavonis Morrone 5369 EF218710, JF804819; Oplismenus burmanii Morrone 3625 EF218712, JF804821; Paspalum bertonii Zuloaga 7186 JF804854, JF804817; P. foliiforme Morrone 4669 JF804853, JF804816. Tribe Paniceae. Panicum aequinerve Kellogg 109 (MO) KR232095; P. bartlettii Alvarez 152 JF804882; P. brachyanthum Daniel et al . 25 (MO) KR232096, KR232090; P. brevifolium Gereau 5315 JF804860, JF804828; P. chionachne Wiehe 358 (US) KR232097, KR232091; P. eickii Robinson 5306 (US) KR232098, KR232092; P. heterostachyum Greenway 14150 JF804862, JF804830; P. hirtum Strudwick 4389 JF804861, JF804829; P. inaequilatum Phillips 61 (MO) KR232099, KR232093; P. millegrana Zuloaga 6766 AY029660, JF804852; P. sellowii Zuloaga 2123 AY188484, JF804822; P. trichanthum Morrone 5028 JF804858, JF804827; P. trichoides Zuloaga 7430 JF804859, JF804826; P. verrucosum Wheeler s.n. AY188496; P. verrucosum Kral 48168 (MO) KR232100, KR232094; Sacciolepis angustissima Morrone 4319 JF804856, JF804824; S. indica Bowen 3875 AY029677; S. myuros Longhi-Wagner 9390 JF804857, JF804825; S. vilvoides Zuloaga 6745 JF804854, JF804823; Trichanthecium arctum Liesner 15757 JF804881; T. auricomum Longhi-Wagner 9637 JF804870, JF804841; T. brazzavillense Fay 5891 JF804880, JF804851; T. caaguazuense Anderson 35724 JF804875, JF804846; T. cyanescens Morrone 4772 JF804867, JF804837; T. dinklagei Jenik & Hall 1129 JF804866, JF804834; T. distichophyllum Longhi-Wagner 9664 JF804869, JF804840; T. gracilicaule Renvoize 2229 JF804864, JF804832; T. granuliferum Jansen-Jacobs 4064 JF804871, JF804842; T. machrisianum Viana 1727 JF804874, JF804845; T. margaritiferum Milne-Redhead 4530 JF804863, JF804831; T. micranthum Morrone 4770 JF804877, JF804848; T. natalense Kellogg 117 JF804879, JF804850; T. nervosum Morrone 4789 JF804876, JF804847; T. parvifolium Zuloaga s.n. AY188476, JF804835; T. polycomum Morrone 4763 JF804873, JF804844; T. pseudisachne Longhi-Wagner 9606 JF804868, JF804839; T. pyrularium Swallen 4936 JF804878, JF804849; T. rivale Morrone 4765 JF804872, JF804843; T. schwackeanum Morrone 115 AY188483, JF804838; T. tenellum Richards 9306 JF804865, JF804833; T. wettsteinii Zuloaga 6972 AY188497, JF804836.

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Nicola, M.V., Lizarazu, M.A. & Scataglini, M.A. Phylogenetic analysis and taxonomic position of section Verrucosa of Panicum and its relationship with taxa of the Sacciolepis–Trichanthecium clade (Poaceae: Panicoideae: Paniceae). Plant Syst Evol 301, 2247–2260 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00606-015-1227-9

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