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Sclerosing mesenteritis, a rare cause of a retroperitoneal tumor

Sklerosierende Mesenteritis, eine seltene Form eines retroperitonealen Tumors

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Zusammenfassung

Die sklerosierende Mesenteritis ist ein chronischer und extrem seltener entzündlicher Prozess, welcher vorwiegend im Dünndarmmesenterium auftritt, auch die Pankreasregion, das große Netz und das Retroperitoneum können befallen sein. Die Ätiologie und die Pathogenese der Erkrankung sind unbekannt, eine autoimmunologische Ursache wird diskutiert, weiters stattgehabte abdominelle Operationen, Trauma, Ischämie und Medikamente. Klinische Symptome sind unspezifisch und variieren zwischen Symptomfreiheit und verschiedenen abdominellen Beschwerden. Die radiologische Aufarbeitung zeigt keine typischen Zeichen, daher ist es sehr schwierig die richtige Diagnose zu finden. Oft ist eine chirurgische Biopsie zur Diagnosesicherung notwendig. Aufgrund des seltenen Auftretens gibt es keinen Konsens für die medikamentöse Therapie und viele Patienten werden nach Erfahrungswerten behandelt. Die chirurgische Therapie ist limitiert zur histologischen Diagnosesicherung und für das Management von Komplikationen. Wir berichten über einen 51 jährigen Patienten mit einem großen retroperitonealen Tumor. Die MR-Angiographie zeigte einen 9.7 × 7.7 × 5.9 cm großen Tumor über der Aortenbifurkation mit Einscheidung der Aorta und der Vena cava. Die CT-gezielte Biopsie war unschlüssig und erst eine chirurgische Biopsie konnte die Diagnose sklerosierende Mesenteritis verifizieren. Der operative und postoperative Verlauf waren unauffällig. Eine medikamentöse Therapie mit Prednisolon und Azathioprin wurde begonnen. Nach einer Nachbeobachtungszeit von 6 Monaten ist der Patient symptomfrei. Bei Patienten mit einem Tumor im Mesenterium oder retroperitoneal ist differentialdiagnostisch an eine sklerosierende Mesenteritis zu denken.

Summary

Sclerosing mesenteritis is a chronic and extremely rare inflammatory process that predominantly affects the small bowel mesentery. However, the peripancreatic region, the omentum and the retroperitoneum can also be involved. The etiology and pathogenesis of the disease are as yet unknown, but autoimmune disorders, previous abdominal surgery, trauma, ischemia and drugs could play a role. The clinical picture is nonspecific and varies from asymptomatic to diffuse abdominal complaints. Radiologic work-up and histologic evaluation of a biopsy specimen usually do not reveal typical findings and therefore establishment of the correct diagnosis is challenging. Owing to the rarity of the disease, there is no consensus on optimal pharmaceutical treatment and most patients are treated empirically. Surgical therapy is limited to biopsies for histologic confirmation of the tumor and management of complications. We report a case of a 51-year-old man with a large retroperitoneal mass. Magnetic resonance angiography showed a 9.7 × 7.7 × 5.9 cm tumor above the aortic bifurcation with encasement of the aorta and the vena cava. CT-guided biopsy was inconclusive but surgical biopsy provided a histologic diagnosis of sclerosing mesenteritis. The operative and postoperative course was uneventful and therapy with prednisolone and azathioprine was started. At 6 months' follow-up, the patient was in good condition and asymptomatic. Sclerosing mesenteritis, though a rare entity, should be included in the differential diagnosis when a patient presents with a mesenterial or retroperitoneal tumor.

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Correspondence to Peter Kornprat.

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Kornprat, P., Liegl-Atzwanger, B., Portugaller, H. et al. Sclerosing mesenteritis, a rare cause of a retroperitoneal tumor. Wien Klin Wochenschr 122, 179–183 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00508-010-1351-z

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00508-010-1351-z

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