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Vienna experience of ABO-incompatible living-donor kidney transplantation

Wiener Erfahrung mit ABO-inkompatibler Lebendnierentransplantation

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Zusammenfassung

Die ABO-inkompatible Nierentransplantation ist eine vielversprechende Strategie zur Erweiterung des Lebendspender-Pools. In den letzten Jahren wurde berichtet, dass eine Empfänger-Desensibilisierung mit Blutgruppenantigen-spezifischer Immunadsorption (IA), kombiniert mit Rituximab und intravenösem Immunglobulin, exzellente Transplantat-Überlebensraten nach ABO-inkompatibler Transplantation ermöglicht. Unter Einsatz dieses von Tydén und Mitarbeitern erstbeschriebenen Protokolls, haben wir an unserem Zentrum zwischen Juli 2007 und August 2008 vier Lebendtransplantationen gegen die ABO-Barriere durchgeführt (A1→0, A1→B, B→A1, A2→0). Das Empfängeralter war 25–66 Jahre, das mittlere Spenderalter 49–69 Jahre. Unter Einsatz einer "on demand" Strategie, basierend auf engmaschigem post-Transplant Antikörper-Monitoring, war bei ausgeprägter und andauernder Reduktion der Blutgruppenantikörper nach Transplantation bei keinem der vier Empfänger eine IA notwendig. Das Transplantat- bzw. Patienten-Überleben nach 4 bis 18 Monaten Beobachtungszeit war 100%. Das Serum-Kreatinin lag zuletzt bei 1,3–2,0 mg/dl. Zwei Transplantate zeigten Ablagerungen von C4d in den peritubulären Kapillaren ohne die für Antikörper-vermittelte Abstoßung typischen morphologischen Veränderungen. Ein Empfänger entwickelte eine frühe Transplantatdysfunktion mit dem bioptischen Nachweis einer Banff Borderline Läsion, welche unter Steroidbolustherapie reversibel war. Derselbe Patient entwickelte im weiteren Verlauf das Bild einer interstitiellen Fibrose/tubulären Atrophie und arteriolären Hyalinose, am ehesten aufgrund einer suboptimalen Blutdruckeinstellung und/oder Calcineurininhibitor-Therapie. Zwei Empfänger entwickelten eine revisionsbedürftige Lymphozele. Abgesehen von Harnwegsinfekten (3 Patienten) sowie einer subklinischen CMV Virämie (ein Patient), kam es zu keiner schweren Infektion. Bemerkenswert ist, dass zwei Patienten eine Polyoma BK Virämie entwickelten, ohne klinischen und/oder morphologischen Hinweis auf eine Polyomavirus-assoziierte Nephropathie. Zusammenfassend unterstützen die Ergebnisse unserer kleinen Serie eine hohe Effizienz einer Desensibilisierung mittels Blutgruppenantigen-spezifischer IA. Das Fehlen von Langzeitergebnissen erfordert jedoch eine kontinuierliche und sorgfältige Abwägung der Vorteile und möglichen Risiken dieser Strategie.

Summary

ABO-incompatible kidney transplantation is a promising strategy for enlargement of living-donor pools. In recent years, recipient desensitization by blood group antigen-specific immunoadsorption, together with rituximab and intravenous immunoglobulin, has allowed excellent graft performance after ABO-incompatible transplantation. Adopting this protocol, originally described by Tydén and coworkers, we performed four living-donor renal transplants across the ABO barrier (A1→0, A1→B, B→A1, A2→0) between July 2007 and August 2008. Recipients were aged 25–66 years, donors 49–69 years. A protocol of on-demand immunoadsorption was followed, based on serial post-transplant antibody monitoring. Substantial and sustained decrease of blood group antibody levels was achieved in all four recipients, therefore post-transplant immunoadsorption was not needed. Graft and patient survival after 4–18 months' follow-up was 100%. Current serum creatinine was 1.3–2.0 mg/dl. Two grafts showed C4d deposits in peritubular capillaries in the complete absence of typical morphological features of antibody-mediated rejection. One recipient experienced early graft dysfunction, diagnosed as Banff borderline lesion, which responded well to steroid pulse therapy. The same recipient developed de novo interstitial fibrosis/tubular atrophy and arteriolar hyalinosis, presumably the result of suboptimal control of blood pressure and/or calcineurin inhibitor therapy. Two of the four recipients developed lymphoceles necessitating surgical revision. Apart from urinary tract infection in three patients and subclinical CMV in one, no major infectious complications were reported. Notably, two stable recipients developed polyoma BK viremia without clinical or morphological manifestations of polyomavirus-associated nephropathy. The results obtained in our small series support the earlier reported high efficiency of desensitization based on antigen-specific immunoadsorption. Nevertheless, the lack of long-term data will necessitate continuous and prudent consideration of the benefits and risks of this strategy.

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Correspondence to Georg A. Böhmig.

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Haidinger, M., Schmaldienst, S., Körmöczi, G. et al. Vienna experience of ABO-incompatible living-donor kidney transplantation. Wien Klin Wochenschr 121, 247–255 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00508-009-1161-3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00508-009-1161-3

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