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Intraoperative angiography with indocyanine green to assess anastomosis perfusion in patients undergoing laparoscopic colorectal resection: results of a multicenter randomized controlled trial

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Abstract

Background

Insufficient vascular supply is one of the main causes of anastomotic leak in colorectal surgery. Intraoperative indocyanine-green (ICG) angiography has been shown to provide information on tissue perfusion, identifying a well-perfused location for colonic and rectal transections, and thus possibly reducing the leak rate. Aim of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of intraoperative assessment of anastomotic perfusion using ICG angiography in patients undergoing left-sided colon or rectal resection with colorectal anastomosis.

Methods

This randomized trial involved 252 patients undergoing laparoscopic left-sided colon and rectal resection randomized 1:1 to intraoperative ICG or to subjective visual evaluation of the bowel perfusion without ICG. The primary aim was to assess whether ICG angiography could lead to a reduction in anastomotic leak rate. Secondary outcomes were possible changes in the surgical strategy and postoperative morbidity.

Results

After randomization, 12 patients were excluded. Accordingly, 240 patients were included in the analysis; 118 were in the study group, and 122 in the control group. ICG angiography showed insufficient perfusion of the colic stump, which led to extended bowel resection in 13 cases (11%). An anastomotic leak developed in 11 patients (9%) in the control group and in 6 patients (5%) in the study group (p = n.s.).

Conclusions

Intraoperative ICG fluorescent angiography can effectively assess vascularization of the colic stump and anastomosis in patients undergoing colorectal resection. This method led to further proximal bowel resection in 13 cases, however, there was no statistically significant reduction of anastomotic leak rate in the ICG arm.

Clinical trial

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02662946.

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Funding

No funding was received in support of this work.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy

    Paola De Nardi, Ugo Elmore, Giulia Maggi, Riccardo Maggiore, Paolo Parise, Andrea Vignali & Riccardo Rosati

  2. Department of Surgery, IRCCS Ca’ Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan, Italy

    Luigi Boni & Elisa Cassinotti

  3. Chirurgia Generale 2, ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy

    Uberto Fumagalli, Marco Gardani & Stefano De Pascale

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  1. Paola De Nardi
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  2. Ugo Elmore
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Correspondence to Paola De Nardi.

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Disclosure

P. De Nardi, U. Elmore, G. Maggi, R. Maggiore, L. Boni, E. Cassinotti, U. Fumagalli, M. Gardani, S. De Pascale, P. Parise, A. Vignali, and R. Rosati have no conflicts of interest or financial ties to disclose.

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De Nardi, P., Elmore, U., Maggi, G. et al. Intraoperative angiography with indocyanine green to assess anastomosis perfusion in patients undergoing laparoscopic colorectal resection: results of a multicenter randomized controlled trial. Surg Endosc 34, 53–60 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00464-019-06730-0

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