Abstract
Oral manifestations were studied in 87 HIV-positive Thai adults (study 1), 45 HIV-positive children (study 2) and 101 HIV-positive (study 3). In study 1, 48% of patients had oral lesions; 23% had one and 13.8% two oral manifestations. Oral pseudomembranous candidiasis was found in 10.3%, erythematous candidiasis in 6.9%, and hairy leukoplakia (HL) in 11.5% of the patients. In study 2, 24.4% of children revealed one, 17.8% two and 6.6% three oral lesions; erythematous candidiasis was seen in 17.8%, and HL in 6.7% of the children. Fifteen patients (33.3%) received antiretroviral therapy. In study 3, pseudomembranous candidiasis was found in 52.5%, HL in 35.6% and necrotizing gingivo-periodontitis in 27.7%. Only 10% of patients were without oral lesions. The present three studies among HIV-infected Thai and Cambodians indicated a high prevalence of oral lesions, particularly variants of oral candidiasis such as pseudomembranous and erythematous candidiasis. Also, oral HL was a common finding, more so in patients with AIDS-associated diseases as represented by patients of study 3. Oral candidiasis and oral HL also seem to be quite prevalent in pediatric HIV-infected patients. In the absence of parameters indicating the degree of immunosuppression (CD4+ cell counts and viral load) these oral lesions may be considered strong indicators of HIV-associated immunodeficiency.
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Presented in part at the Joint Meeting of the 'Arbeitsgemeinschaft Dermatologische Infektiologie der Deutschen Dermatologischen Gesellschaft' and the 'Arbeitskreis Oralpathologie und Oralmedizin' on "Oral Viral Infection and Oral Tumors" in Rostock, Germany on 6–7 July 2001.
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Reichart, P.A., Khongkhunthian, P. & Bendick, C. Oral manifestations in HIV-infected individuals from Thailand and Cambodia. Med Microbiol Immunol 192, 157–160 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00430-002-0168-4
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00430-002-0168-4