Abstract
ROCK is a Rho-GTPase effector that is important for actin assembly and is involved in various cellular functions, including cell contraction, migration, motility, and tumor cell invasion. In this study, we investigated ROCK expression and function during early mouse embryo development. Inhibiting ROCK by Y-27632 treatment at the zygote stage resulted in first cleavage failure, and most embryos failed to develop to the 8-cell stage. When adding Y-27632 at the 8-cell stage, embryos failed to undergo compaction and could not develop into blastocysts. In addition, fluorescence staining intensity analysis indicated that actin expression at blastomere membranes was significantly reduced. After ROCK inhibition, two or more nuclei were observed in a cell, which indicated possible cytokinesis failure. Moreover, after ROCK inhibition with Y-27632, the phosphorylation levels of LIMK1/2, a downstream molecule of ROCK, were decreased at blastomere membranes. Thus, our results showed conserved roles for ROCK in this mammalian embryo model and indicated that a ROCK-LIMK1/2-actin pathway might regulate cleavage and blastocyst formation during early mouse embryo development.
References
Aguirre-Armenta B, López-Godínez J, Martínez-Cadena G, García-Soto J (2011) Rho-kinase in sea urchin eggs and embryos. Dev Growth Differ 53(5):704–714
Amano M, Nakayama M, Kaibuchi K (2010) Rho-kinase/ROCK: a key regulator of the cytoskeleton and cell polarity. Cytoskeleton 67(9):545–554
Bernard O (2007) Lim kinases, regulators of actin dynamics. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 39(6):1071–1076
Blanchoin L, Pollard TD, Mullins RD (2000) Interactions of ADF/cofilin, Arp2/3 complex, capping protein and profilin in remodeling of branched actin filament networks. Curr Biol 10(20):1273–1282
Clayton L, Johnson MH (1998) Tropomyosin in preimplantation mouse development: identification, expression, and organization during cell division and polarization. Exp Cell Res 238(2):450–464
Clayton L, Hall A, Johnson M (1999) A role for Rho-like GTPases in the polarisation of mouse eight-cell blastomeres. Dev Biol 205(2):322–331
Gumus E, Bulut H, Kaloglu C (2010) Cytoskeletal changes in oocytes and early embryos during in vitro fertilization process in mice. Anat Histol Embryol 39(1):51–58
Jayo A, Parsons M, Adams JC (2012) A novel Rho-dependent pathway that drives interaction of fascin-1 with p-Lin-11/Isl-1/Mec-3 kinase (LIMK) 1/2 to promote fascin-1/actin binding and filopodia stability. BMC Biol 10(1):72
Johnson MH (1996) Origins of pluriblast and trophoblast in the eutherian conceptus. Reprod Fertil Dev 8(4):699–709
Johnson MH, Selwood L (1996) Nomenclature of early development in mammals. Reprod Fertil Dev 8(4):759–764
Kawagishi R, Tahara M, Sawada K, Ikebuchi Y, Morishige K, Sakata M, Tasaka K, Murata Y (2004) Rho-kinase is involved in mouse blastocyst cavity formation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 319(2):643–648
Laeno AMA, Tamashiro DAA, Alarcon VB (2013) Rho-associated kinase activity is required for proper morphogenesis of the inner cell mass in the mouse blastocyst. Biol Reprod 89(5):122
Maekawa M, Ishizaki T, Boku S, Watanabe N, Fujita A, Iwamatsu A, Obinata T, Ohashi K, Mizuno K, Narumiya S (1999) Signaling from Rho to the actin cytoskeleton through protein kinases ROCK and LIM-kinase. Science 285(5429):895–898
Marikawa Y, Alarcón VB (2009) Establishment of trophectoderm and inner cell mass lineages in the mouse embryo. Mol Reprod Dev 76(11):1019–1032
Mashiach-Farkash E, Rak R, Elad-Sfadia G, Haklai R, Carmeli S, Kloog Y, Wolfson HJ (2012) Computer-based identification of a novel LIMK1/2 inhibitor that synergizes with salirasib to destabilize the actin cytoskeleton. Oncotarget 3(6):629
Mueller BK, Mack H, Teusch N (2005) Rho kinase, a promising drug target for neurological disorders. Nat Rev Drug Discovery 4(5):387–398
Pellegrin S, Mellor H (2007) Actin stress fibres. J Cell Sci 120(20):3491–3499
Rawe VY, Payne C, Schatten G (2006) Profilin and actin-related proteins regulate microfilament dynamics during early mammalian embryogenesis. Hum Reprod 21(5):1143–1153
Riento K, Ridley AJ (2003) Rocks: multifunctional kinases in cell behaviour. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 4(6):446–456
Saiz N, Plusa B (2013) Early cell fate decisions in the mouse embryo. Reproduction 145(3):R65–R80
Schatten H, Sun QY (2011) Centrosome dynamics during mammalian oocyte maturation with a focus on meiotic spindle formation. Mol Reprod Dev 78(10–11):757–768
Schmandke A, Schmandke A, Strittmatter SM (2007) ROCK and Rho: biochemistry and neuronal functions of Rho-associated protein kinases. Neuroscientist 13(5):454–469
Scott RW, Olson MF (2007) LIM kinases: function, regulation and association with human disease. J Mol Med 85(6):555–568
Sun SC, Kim NH (2013) Molecular mechanisms of asymmetric division in oocytes. Microsc Microanal 19(4):883–897
Sun QY, Schatten H (2006) Regulation of dynamic events by microfilaments during oocyte maturation and fertilization. Reproduction 131(2):193–205
Sun SC, Wang ZB, Xu YN, Lee SE, Cui XS, Kim NH (2011) Arp2/3 complex regulates asymmetric division and cytokinesis in mouse oocytes. PLoS ONE 6(4):e18392
Watson A, Barcroft L (2001) Regulation of blastocyst formation. Front Biosci 6:D708–D730
Yogurtcu ON, Kim JS, Sun SX (2012) A mechanochemical model of actin filaments. Biophys J 103(4):719–727
Yoneda A, Multhaupt HA, Couchman JR (2005) The Rho kinases I and II regulate different aspects of myosin II activity. J Cell Biol 170(3):443–453
Yurttas P, Morency E, Coonrod SA (2010) Use of proteomics to identify highly abundant maternal factors that drive the egg-to-embryo transition. Reproduction 139(5):809–823
Acknowledgments
This study was supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (BK20130671), Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (KYRC201202), China, and the Biogreen 21 Program (PJ009594 & PJ00909801), RDA, Republic of Korea.
Conflict of interest
The authors have no conflict of interest to disclose.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Duan, X., Chen, KL., Zhang, Y. et al. ROCK inhibition prevents early mouse embryo development. Histochem Cell Biol 142, 227–233 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00418-014-1201-6
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00418-014-1201-6