References
Chen CJ, Hsu HL, Tseng YC, Lyu RK et al (2004) Hirayama flexion myelopathy: neutral position MR imaging findings–importance of loss of attachment. Radiology 231:39–44
Elsheikh B, Kissel JT, Christophoridis G et al (2009) Spinal angiography and epidural venography in juvenile muscular atrophy of the distal arm “Hirayama disease”. Muscle Nerve 40:206–212
Gallo A, Rocca MA, Tortorella P, Ammendola A, Tedeschi G, Fillipi M (2006) A multiparametric brain and cord MRI imaging study of a patient with Hirayama disease. Am J Neuroradiol 27:2115–2117
Hirayama K (2000) Juvenile muscular atrophy of distal upper extremity. Intern Med 39:283–290
Hirayama K, Toyokura Y, Tsubaki T (1959) Juvenile muscular atrophy of unilateral upper extremity: a new clinical entity. Psychiatr Neurol Jpn 61:2190–2197
Oppenheim H (1913) Weitere Beiträge zur Diagnose und Differentialdiagnose des Tumor medullae spinalis. Mschr Psychiat Neurol 33:451–493
Taylor AR, Byrnes DP (1974) Foramen magnum and high cervical cord compression. Brain 97:473–480
Yoshama Y, Tokumaru Y, Arai K (2010) Flexion induced cervial myelopathy associated with fewer elastic fibers and thickening in the posterior dura mater. J Neurol 257:149–151
Acknowledgments
The authors would like to thank Dr. Burkard Danz, Head of the Department of Radiology, Military Hospital Ulm, for providing the MRI studies for this report.
Conflict of interest
There are no conflicts of interest to disclose.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Weber, F., Mauer, U.M. Flexion myelopathy: Hirayama’s syndrome. J Neurol 259, 567–568 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00415-011-6207-6
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00415-011-6207-6